A Regional Analysis of Assertiveness

Co-cultural differences in assertiveness within the United States have not been explored, despite noted regional differences in communication patterns (Andersen, Lustig, & Andersen, 1987). This study examines assertiveness behaviors, focusing on university students from the Upper Midwest (n = 148) and the New York Metropolitan region (n = 159) who completed the Rathus Assertiveness Schedule (Rathus, 1973 Rathus, SA. 1973. A 30-item schedule for assessing assertive behavior. Behavior Therapy, 4: 398–406. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). New York Metropolitan respondents reported significantly higher levels of assertive communication than did respondents from the Upper Midwest. Males in the Upper Midwest region reported significantly higher levels of assertive communication than did females in the same region. Implications for regional differences in assertiveness are discussed.     

Family Problem Solving: A Comparative Study of Adult Children in Puerto Rico and the Upper Midwest

This study examined family problems and problem solving among American Upper Midwest and Puerto Ricans participants. Thematic and chi-square analyses provide a snapshot of how diverse families experience similar macro problems in day-to-day endeavors. Responses to each macro issue or strategy also suggest ways that the two cultural groups relate to family problems differently. Puerto Rico participants described and discussed significantly more communication-related problems and they also identified communicating about the problem less as something they had thought about to resolve the problem than did Upper Midwest participants. The article discusses how micro level values are inherent in macrocultural family problems.     

基于GWR模型的互联网对第三产业区域影响研究——以2012与2016年中国各省横截面数据为例

为探究互联网对第三产业发展的影响在各省区域上的空间相关性和空间异质性,以2012和2016年横截面数据为例,采用地理加权回归(GWR)模型进行实证分析。研究发现,互联网对第三产业的区域影响分布与区域要素禀赋关联,并受到产业集聚与产业分散的交互作用。新时期以知识溢出与社群经济为核心的"服务众包模式"兴起,用户参与等"人"的因素更加突出。最后,本文对当前政府政策的制定与互联网企业的发展提出了合理建议。     

健美操指导员人性态度的调查与分析

采用Wrightsman的人性哲学量表 ,选取全国健美操指导员作为主要研究对象 ,旨在为培养优秀健美操指导员在训练方法上提供一定的理论依据。     

Development of the Beliefs about Primary Education Scale: Distinguishing a developmental and transmissive dimension

In this article the development and validation of the Beliefs about Primary Education Scale (BPES) are described. The BPES is an 18-item scale for assessing primary school teachers’ beliefs toward the nature of good education, subdivided in a transmissive dimension (TD) and a developmental dimension (DD). Both dimensions assess beliefs toward the general orientation and objectives of education, the nature of the educational content, and desirable ways of knowledge acquisition. An explorative study (n=352$n=352$) revealed a two-factor structure. Both dimensions were uncorrelated, which leads to the suggestion that teachers hold layered belief systems. In a following study (n=381), construct validity of the BPES was confirmed. The BPES’ DD and TD were shown to correlate significantly with constructivist and traditional teaching beliefs.     

Reversing letters and reading transformed text in dyslexia: A reassessment

The visual deficit hypothesis of development dyslexia has largely been abandoned because many of the phenomena that initially motivated it could not be replicated under controlled experimental conditions, while phonological processing deficits were found to provide a better explanation for the replicable phenomena. Nevertheless, many teachers and special educators continue to subscribe to the hypothesis that deficits of visual perception are a major cause of reading failure in dyslexia. As part of a larger family study, we reexamined the questions (1) whether probands and affected relatives in dyslexia families reverse easily confused letters more frequently under experimental conditions than normal readers from the same families, and (2) whether they show unusual facility in reading geometrically transformed text. The findings indicated that young dyslexia students reverse easily confused letters more often than normal readers. Reading group differences of letter reversal were significant in children from 7–10 years but not thereafter; and virtually no subject reversed letters when spelling whole words. Furthermore, dyslexic persons in every age group from 7–60 years actually took longer than normal readers to decode geometrically transformed text; and the time to decode transformed texts increased progressively with age after adolescence in both dyslexic persons and normal readers. Thus, reading group differences in decoding easily confused letters and reading geometrically transformed text do not support the visual deficit hypothesis and probably do not help to clarify the etiology of developmental dyslexia.     

依恋在发展精神病理学方面的研究

本文介绍了依恋在发展精神病理学领域的研究情况。依恋的最初的研究就是看到了它在发展精神病理学上的危险性，在后来的陌生情境测验中，人们发现了两种重要的不安全依恋类型，探讨了不安全依恋的成因、不安全依恋与后期发展的关系。近几年，人们又发现了一种新的依恋类型，混乱型不安全依恋，这是一种最不安全的依恋类型。在依恋的高危儿童中，研究最多的是被虐待的儿童和母亲患有抑郁症的儿童，与正常儿童相比，他们更容易形成不安全依恋，尤其是混乱型不安全依恋。除了依恋本身的障碍，许多精神病理症状都与依恋方面的问题有关。从发展精神病理学的角度研究依恋，具有重要的意义，它可以揭示异常的经验与精神病理过程对儿童发展过程中阶段性的突出问题的影响，有助于人们回答有关正常发展的重要问题，也有益于对依恋问题的干预和指导。     

中西声乐发展脉络与存在形态之比较

中西声乐艺术具有相似的声乐起源观与初始形态,在发展过程中,又呈现出不同的脉络与形质状态.     

英语语音语调的性别差异及其形成原因

英语中存在着比较明显的性别差异,诸如女性发音比男性更接近标准语体和高雅口音、更喜欢使用升调等等。形成英语语音语调性别差异的原因是多方面的,如神经生理原因、文化心理原因,而最根本的原因则是男女社会地位不平等。英语性别差异不仅是一种语言现象,而且是一种社会现象。只有实现男女地位平等后,才能达到英语性别平等。