从标准化到优质化：上海社区学校发展性评估的实践逻辑

社区学校作为上海社区教育发展的重要载体,在“十二五”至“十四五”期间,经过标准化建设评估、内涵建设评估、优质化建设评估三个阶段的发展性评估实践探索,目标指向各有侧重。社区学校发展性评估作为衡量社区教育质量的重要举措,在评估主体、评估指标、评估方式、评估结果方面也发生了相应改变。应将发展作为评估不变的价值追求,在深入推进社区学校发展性评估的过程中,处理好优质与均衡、阶段与周期、外部与内部的关系,推动社区学校整体提速、提质、提效。     

The cultural hybridity of Lena: A multi-method case study of a third culture kid

This study used a multi-method case study to explore the central paradox of global nomadism, that cultural hybrids seem at home in any cultural context, but feel at home only among others with a similar cultural history. The Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI) was used to provide a psychometric profile of Lena, an Adult Third Culture Kid. Lena presented an atypical and theoretically impossible IDI profile, simultaneously ethnocentric, with issues in Minimization, yet clearly ethnorelative, with no issue evident on the AA or EM scales. A series of in-depth interviews were conducted to explore these IDI results, their implications for the Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity (DMIS), which is the theoretical basis for the IDI, and whether they helped to explain the paradox of global nomadism. The interviews helped Lena to realise that although she was surrounded by people from different national backgrounds throughout her life, their shared cultural experience was stronger than their surface differences, resulting in a Minimization orientation of ‘beneath our superficial differences, people are basically all the same’.     

批评性报道的法律意识与司法环境——编辑记者、法官认知状况调查

在批评报道经常涉及的谴责、贬斥态度呈现上,法官理解、掌握的法律尺度比编辑记者更倾向于意见、情绪表达的理智与分寸。编辑记者处理报道客观性更多地采取新闻构成要素基本真实即可的行业标准,而法官对媒体因实际条件限制而难以达到理想状态的客观状态倾向于将苛刻的客观性要求置于优先地位。法官与编辑记者对报道侵权的认知态度存在较高水平差异性,由此决定了较高的媒体败诉概率。     

Psychometric validation of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) in a Danish clinical sample

BackgroundThe Childhood Trauma Questionnaire – Short Form (CTQ-SF) is a widely utilized self-report instrument in the assessment and characterization of childhood trauma. Yet, research on the instrument’s psychometric properties in clinical samples is sparse, and the Danish version of the CTQ-SF has not been previously evaluated in clinical samples.ObjectivesTo examine the structural validity, internal consistency reliability, and multi-method convergent validity of the CTQ-SF in a heterogenous clinical sample from Denmark.Participants and settingThe study was based on data from four Danish clinical samples (N = 393): 1) Outpatients diagnosed with personality disorders, 2) Patients commencing psychiatric treatment for non-affective first-episode psychosis, 3) Patients diagnosed with first-episode or prolonged depression recruited from general practitioners and an outpatient mood disorder clinic, and 4) detained delinquent boys.MethodsConfirmatory factor analysis was used to explore structural validity. Also, we calculated internal consistency and multi-method convergent validity with interview-based ratings of adverse parenting.ResultsConfirmatory factor analyses indicated that the five-factor structure described in CTQ-SF manual with three error correlated items best fitted the data, as compared to various other models. Coefficients of congruence also supported factorial similarity across countries (i.e. US substance abuser and a mixed Brazilian sample). Internal consistency reliability was acceptable and comparable to estimates previously published. Multi-method convergent validity associations further corroborated the validity of the CTQ-SF.ConclusionThese findings provide support for the reliability and validity of the Danish version of the CTQ-SF in clinical samples.     

The predictors of perceived social support among former foster youth

Based on a 5-wave panel survey of 732 foster youth, the current study examined the respective relationships between foster youths' individual characteristics, youths' social connections with individuals and formal institutions, and the development of perceived social support across the transition to adulthood. Several youth characteristics – including self-reported delinquency and attachment insecurity – were found to be statistically significantly associated with perceived social support. Attachment insecurity also appeared to mediate the relationships between social support and several other youth-level characteristics, including prior placement disruptions and placement with relatives. Social connections with different types of individuals – including caregivers, relatives, natural mentors, and romantic partners – were found to be associated with additive increases in perceived social support. However, some types of connections (e.g., romantic partners, natural mentors) appeared to be associated with much larger increases in social support than other connections (e.g., school or employment). Collectively, the findings help inform agencies' efforts to bolster foster youths' social connections as they transition to adulthood.     

Psychological and physical intimate partner violence and young children’s mental health: The role of maternal posttraumatic stress symptoms and parenting behaviors

Young children are at significant risk of exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV), and vulnerable to exposure-related psychopathology, yet few studies investigate the effects of exposure to IPV on children under the age of 5 years. The current study investigated the role of maternal PTSD symptoms and parenting strategies in the relationship between mothers’ IPV experiences and psychopathology in their young children, ages 3–6 years in a community-based cohort of 308 mother-child dyads at high risk for family violence. Data were collected from 2011 to 2014. IPV history and maternal PTSD symptoms were assessed by self-report questionnaires. Children’s symptoms were assessed with a developmentally-sensitive psychiatric interview administered to mothers. Punitive/restrictive parenting was independently-coded from in-depth interviews with mothers about their disciplinary practices. Hypothesized direct and indirect pathways between physical and psychological IPV, maternal PTSD, maternal parenting style, and children’s internalizing and externalizing symptoms were examined with mediation models. Results indicated that neither physical nor psychological IPV experienced by mothers was directly associated with children’s symptoms. However, both types of victimization were associated with maternal PTSD symptoms. Examination of indirect pathways suggested that maternal PTSD symptoms mediated the relationship between mothers’ psychological and physical IPV experiences and children’s internalizing and externalizing symptoms and mothers’ restrictive/punitive parenting mediated the relationship between mothers’ psychological IPV and children’s externalizing symptoms. In addition, there was a path from maternal physical IPV to child externalizing symptoms through both maternal PTSD symptoms and restrictive/punitive parenting. Findings highlight the importance of supporting parents in recovering from the sequelae of their own traumatic experiences, as their ensuing mental health symptoms and parenting behaviors may have a significant impact on their children’s emotional health.     

注意力先天发育水平的表现因素及实验研究

为了最大限度的减少后天因素对注意力先天发育水平的影响,以3岁幼儿为研究对象,在分析现有对注意力研究的基础上,提出注意力表现因素测评指标框架;依据注意力共性表现因素并结合3岁幼儿注意力的个性表现,进行了测评指标实验研究。首先,对实验方案进行信度和效度检验,结果表明：本方案有较好的信度与效度;其次,通过对实验结果的性别和年龄差异性分析,认为该被试群体可以作为标准化样本,并对其测试结果进行常模测算;最后,通过西安地区不同水平幼儿园随机抽样的297名被试注意力的常模测算,结果显示,其与理论分布接近,表明这种测评方法具有普适性与可操作性。     

赋权增能:我国学龄前残疾儿童运动康复发展路径

运动能有效改善学龄前残疾儿童的动作、认知及社会交往能力,然而,现阶段我国学龄前残疾儿童运动康复"失权""失能"的现象比较严重。因此,基于赋权增能视角,对学龄前残疾儿童运动康复的内涵进行解读,剖析现阶段我国学龄前残疾儿童运动康复工作中存在的问题,并提出未来学龄前残疾儿童运动康复发展的路径:(1)顶层设计,制订专项政策法规;(2)跨界合作,建立多维协作机制;(3)转变职能,打造社会支持平台;(4)整体发展,突出体育学科地位;(5)促进融合,发挥体育游戏的康复效能;(6)夯实基础,创建家庭为中心的康复模式。     

Trajectories of motivation and their academic correlates over the first year of college

The first year of college is a pivotal time for academic and personal development, yet there is still much to be learned about motivational change during this period. Using Self-Determination Theory (SDT), we assessed six distinct types of motivation among an initial sample of 776 students at four time points over the first year of college. Latent growth models indicated initially high but declining levels of intrinsic motivation and identified regulation, moderate but increasing levels of positive and negative introjection, and low but increasing levels of external regulation and amotivation. These patterns suggest that, on average, more autonomous types of motivation tend to decrease over the first year of college while more controlled types of motivation tend to increase. Academic functioning was predicted by (a) initial levels of both identified regulation and amotivation and (b) change trajectories for intrinsic motivation, identified regulation, and amotivation. These findings suggest that contextual supports for building autonomous motivation and minimizing amotivation appear to be essential both prior to college entry and throughout the first year.     

Stability of biases in self-evaluation and relations to well-being among elementary school children

This paper aims to investigate to what extent a bias in self-evaluation is an enduring characteristic among children, and whether there is a relationship between the trajectory of children's self-evaluation bias over a five-year period and their psychosocial adjustment. 462 children (200 boys) in Grade 3 (mean age = 8.6 years old) or Grade 4 (mean age = 9.7 years old) at the outset of the study participated following their parents’ written consent. The group-based approach using a multinomial modeling strategy allowed identifying five groups based on changes in the children's self-evaluation bias over the five-year period. Children in the stable and highly positive bias group stood out as having markedly more positive scores on all indices of psychosocial adjustment, and also outperformed the other children in achievement in language arts and math.