Gender-specific trajectories of academic achievement in Chinese elementary school students: Relations with life satisfaction trajectories and suicidal ideation trajectories

This study explored heterogeneous developmental trajectories of academic achievement and their relations to trajectories of life satisfaction and trajectories of suicidal ideation among Chinese elementary school students. A sample of 547 students (55.0% boys; M_age = 9.00 years, SD = 0.76 at Time 1) completed a packet of measures on five occasions across two years, using 6-month intervals. Three distinct trajectories of academic achievement were identified: “high-stable” (86.28%), “low-increasing” (8.94%), and “low-decreasing” (4.78%). Girls demonstrated higher academic achievement than boys. Students displaying adverse developmental trends in academic achievement were more likely to show adverse trends in life satisfaction. Finally, trajectories of academic achievement and trajectories of suicidal ideation were related for girls, but not boys. Programs promoting academic achievement may require adaptations for the differing genders and start as early as elementary school.     

得体--跨文化言语交际的最高准则

在成功的跨文化言语交际中，除语言能力外，交际者还应具备得体地运用语言的能力。交际者必须知道应该在何时、何地，对什么人以何种方式来表达何种内容。谈话的时机、谈话的内容及谈话的方式，在跨文化言语交际中有明显的差异，只有了解这种差异，才能有效、得体地进行跨文化交际。     

A Resource Center for Developmental Disabilities

ABSTRACT

The Missouri Developmental Disabilities Resource Center (MDDRC) is an information and referral service located within the Institute for Human Development (IHD) at the University of Missouri-Kansas City. Through its varied informational services, including its website, the Missouri Developmental Disabilities Resource Center is helping to support the independence, productivity, integration and community inclusion of individuals with developmental disabilities and their families.     

The role of sexual orientation in predicting outcome value and anticipated communication behaviors

The purpose of this study was to (1) examine the role of sexual orientation in determining a positive or negative predicted outcome value during an initial interaction, and (2) to test whether the predicted outcome value (POV) was related to anticipated communication behaviors. Participants (N = 284) completed one of two surveys. The surveys differed only in terms of the opening scenario, which introduced a fictitious target whose sexual orientation was manipulated. The data from this study suggest that learning of an individual's sexual orientation during an initial encounter negatively influences predicted outcome value and anticipated communication behaviors. Additionally, men continue to predict outcome values that are significantly more negative than those predicted by women. The results from this study remain important especially in light of recent research in which interpersonal contact with gays and lesbians has been shown to influence positively heterosexuals’ attitudes toward this minority group.     

Categorizing pupils' written answers to a mathematics test question: 'I know but I can't explain'

In the literature on school bullying, it is often stated that there is an age decline in the frequency of students victimized by their peers. The empirical studies showing this downward trend are, however, typically based on self-report data. The aim of the present study was to examine the grade-level differences in frequencies of victims bullied at school in cross-sectional data gathered from multiple informants: students themselves, their peers and their teachers. The participantswere 1,220 elementary school children (600 girls and 620 boys) from 48 school classes from the fourth, fifth and sixth grades (i.e. 9-12 years). The often reported age-related decrease in self-reported victimization was found but it was not confirmed by either peer or teacher reports. What actually decreased as a function of age was the frequency of self-identified victims (also labelled as 'paranoids' or 'sensitives' in the previous literature), i.e. students who themselves reported victimization but who did not have the reputational status of being victims among their peers.     

Factors affecting sports involvement in a school-based youth cohort: Implications for long-term athletic development

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present study was to determine the factors affecting sports involvement in a school-based adolescent population. The cross-sectional cohort study assessed anthropometry, physical capacities and motor competence in 501 boys (aged 10–16 y), from junior (10–12 y) and senior (13–16 y) cohorts. Sports participation data was collected from junior participants. Multivariate analysis of covariance revealed moderate maturity, anthropometry, physical capacity and motor competence differences between sports in the senior cohort (F = 2.616, p < 0.001, η² = .08), but not in the junior cohort. Furthermore, differences in physical fitness were revealed between playing levels (F = 2.616, p < 0.001, η² = .08), with a discriminant analysis correctly classifying 73% of participants using aerobic fitness and vertical jump measures. Representative level participants engaged in more structured training and commenced organised competition at a later age (F = 4.332, p < 0.001, η² = .21). This study’s findings are twofold: 1) physical and motor competence profiles differ more between sports with increasing age, and 2) participants at a higher level of competition report delayed engagement in their main sport. As a result, schools may be the ideal environment in which to provide children and adolescents with the opportunity to sample different sports.     

消除用户主观评价差异的电子商务信誉模型

为增强电子商务中信誉评估的客观性和准确性,采用信任平移方法设计用户主观评价差异消除算法,在此基础上构建动态的电子商务信誉管理模型,通过模拟实验验证该算法的准确性和有效性,并对实验结果进行分析,同时指出今后的研究方向。     

信息资源管理研究的多重视角及其共同体的形成(Ⅱ)——企业领域及情报学视野下的研究

企业领域的信息资源管理发展是以信息技术为主线,表现出明显的技术导向。从发展趋势看,它将由IT管理转向以信息内容为导向的管理。情报学对信息资源管理的研究很大程度上沿袭了情报管理的思想,具有多重研究领域。这两个领域的IRM研究在研究模式、定位、领域、成果刊发、人员培训等方面,都存在差异。表1。图2。参考文献20。