用于控制系统故障诊断的神经网络和专家系统

本文介绍了神经网络和专家系统在控制系统故障诊断中的应用，并讨论了神经网络和专家系统相结合的一种预处理结合故障诊断方法。     

案例教学法在《电气系统检测与故障诊断》课程中的应用探讨

案例教学法是一种行之有效的启发探究式教学方法。本文详细阐述了案例教学法的内涵和作用,着重探讨了案例教学法在《电气系统检测与故障诊断》课程教学实践中的应用。教学实践表明:案例教学法可以很好地激发学员学习的主动性,提高学员的逻辑思维能力、独立分析问题和解决问题的能力。     

Serum protein fingerprinting coupled with artificial neural network distinguishes glioma from healthy population or brain benign tumor

To screen and evaluate protein biomarkers for the detection of gliomas (Astrocytoma grade Ⅰ-Ⅳ) from healthy individuals and gliomas from brain benign tumors by using surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) coupled with an artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm. SELDI-TOF-MS protein fingerprinting of serum from 105 brain tumor patients and healthy individuals, included 28 patients with glioma (Astrocytoma Ⅰ-Ⅳ), 37 patients with brain benign tumor, and 40 age-matched healthy individuals. Two thirds of the total samples of every compared pair as training set were used to set up discriminating patterns, and one third of total samples of every compared pair as test set were used to cross-validate; simultaneously, discriminate-cluster analysis derived SPSS 10.0 software was used to compare Astrocytoma grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ with grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ ones. An accuracy of 95.7%, sensitivity of 88.9%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 90% and negative predictive value of 100% were obtained in a blinded test set comparing gliomas patients with healthy individuals; an accuracy of 86.4%, sensitivity of 88.9%, specificity of 84.6%, positive predictive value of 90% and negative predictive value of 85.7% were obtained when patient's gliomas was compared with benign brain tumor. Total accuracy of 85.7%, accuracy of grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ Astrocytoma was 86.7%, accuracy ofⅢ-Ⅳ Astrocytoma was 84.6% were obtained when grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ Astrocytoma was compared with grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ ones (discriminant analysis). SELDI-TOF-MS combined with bioinformatics tools, could greatly facilitate the discovery of better biomarkers. The high sensitivity and specificity achieved by the use of selected biomarkers showed great potential application for the discrimination of gliomas patients from healthy individuals and glioma from brain benign tumors.     

高中学业水平考试研究(三):学业评价和质量问题诊断

学业评价和质量问题诊断的主要目的是要报告被评价者在评价内容上达到的水平,并指出其在被评价内容上的问题及进一步努力的方向。建立学业评价和质量问题诊断系统需要考虑的主要要素包括评价对象、评价内容、评价要素、评价技术和评价结果。本文在讨论这些要素的基础上,重点讨论了评价的技术问题,以实例指出在我国当前教育评价文化背景下,向被评价对象报告学业水平及其分布以及学业方面存在的问题,应当作为主要的评价结果。     

Pancreatic cystic neoplasms: a review of preoperative diagnosis and management

Pancreatic cystic neoplasms(PCNs) are a diverse group of neoplasms in the pancreas,and are more increasingly encountered with widespread abdominal screening and improved imaging techniques.The most common types of PCNs are serous cystic neoplasms(SCNs),mucinous cystic neoplasms(MCNs),and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms(IPMNs).Clinicians frequently feel bewildered in the differential diagnosis and subsequent management among the various types of lesions in the pancreas,which may lead to overtreatment or delayed treatment.The current review provides recent developments in the understanding of the three most common types of PCNs,the latest modalities used in preoperative diagnosis and differential diagnosis,as well as the most up to date management.Suggestions for diagnosis and differential diagnosis of SCNs,MCNs,and IPMNs are also provided for young surgeons.Better understanding of these neoplasms is essential for clinicians to make accurate diagnosis and to provide the best management for patients.     

不同因素对认知诊断DINO模型诊断准确率的影响

本文探究不同因素对确定性输入噪声"或"门模型(DINO)判准率的影响。模拟实验表明:DINO模型更适用于离散型属性层级结构;测验长度的合理增加有助于提高诊断的准确率;DINO模型对属性层级结构不敏感;认知属性个数的增加会降低DINO模型的诊断准确率,实际应用中建议认知属性个数控制在6个以下。     

基于最小二乘支持向量机的油罐故障诊断方法

根据油罐故障分析,建立了油罐故障诊断模型。采用新型的支持向量机-最小二乘向量机(LS-SVM)的算法对此诊断模型进行预测,获得了满意的效果。该方法易于使用,很少受不确定性因素的影响,有很高的预测准确性。     

汽车电气故障智能诊断专家系统的研究与开发

介绍汽车电气故障诊断仪器现状及智能故障诊断专家系统的结构和组成,建立汽车电气故障智能诊断专家系统的知识库管理系统以及推理模块的构成和故障诊断专家系统。     

胸水腺苷脱氨酶检测对结核性胸膜炎的诊断意义

目的：探讨胸水的腺苷脱氨酶（ADA）测定值对结核性胸膜炎的诊断意义和应用价值。方法：对436例住院的胸腔积液患者分别行结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物（PPD）试验，同时应用酶速率法检测胸水标本中ADA的活性．比较二者的灵敏度及特异度。所有患者试验前均未行抗结核治疗。结果：ADA试验灵敏度（96．1％）高于PPD（90．2％）。二者差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论：胸腔积液ADA含量的检测对于早期诊断及治疗结核性胸膜炎具有积极意义。     

Patterns of maltreatment and diagnosis across levels of care in group homes

Patterns of Axis I psychiatric diagnosis and maltreatment history were explored among youth in group homes, including match of clinical need to level or restrictiveness of care. Data on demographics, diagnoses, maltreatment, and group home level of care (Level I, II, or III homes, representing lower to higher intensity of supervision and treatment) were obtained from 523 youth who participated in a quasi-experimental study of group homes. Three quarters of youth had a diagnosis and two-thirds of youth had a maltreatment history. Youth in higher level homes had more diagnoses and higher rates of all disorders except adjustment disorders. Youth in Level I homes had a history of more maltreatment types, particularly high rates of neglect. Sexual abuse, physical abuse, and emotional abuse were most common among youth in higher level homes. Regardless of diagnosis history, comparable proportions of youth had a maltreatment history, and similar patterns were found across levels of care. Together, findings indicate that group homes with varying degrees of restrictiveness serve youth with different psychiatric diagnosis and maltreatment histories. Youth triaged to higher level homes had more diagnoses, while youth placed in the least restrictive homes had a history of more maltreatment subtypes. Further, distinct patterns of diagnosis types and maltreatment subtypes were seen across homes. Implications include the importance of assessing unique clinical needs of youth to promote an appropriate match to level of care and treatment plan.