论佛教逻辑的起源

佛教逻辑也称为因明学,是印度逻辑和中国逻辑的重要组成部分.佛教逻辑的产生与古印度的激烈论辩风气紧密相关,与古因明家的学术探索相互促成,正理派的逻辑研究更是功不可没,这三方面的融合便促使佛教逻辑的诞生.     

Teachers' talk of experiencing: Conflict,resistance and agency

This article draws on the concept of experiencing to highlight a positive connection between resistance and agency, and its potential for teachers' professional development and educational change. The article examines teachers' discourse during a Change Laboratory intervention aimed at developing teaching practices. The intervention was initiated to deal with problems in the evaluation of students' learning. The article analyzes in particular the case of a teacher whose discourse shifted from critical and disruptive to constructive and agentive. The analysis explains this transition as a process of experiencing through which this teacher faced and worked out critical conflicts related to her teaching.     

Science curriculum and teacher education: The role of presuppositions,contradictions, controversies and speculations vs Kuhn's ‘normal science’

Kuhn (1970) considered textbooks to be good 'pedagogical vehicles' for the perpetuation of ‘normal science’. Collins (2000) has pointed out a fundamental contradiction with respect to what science could achieve (create new knowledge) and how we teach science (authoritarian). Despite the reform efforts, students still have naïve views about the nature of science. Textbook analyses show almost a complete lack of understanding of the role played by presuppositions, contradictions, controversies and speculations in scientific progress. A possible solution to the contradiction pointed out by Collins is provided by the comparison of teaching approaches based on Kuhnian and Lakatosian perspectives of history and philosophy of science. It appears that the Kuhnian approach leaves out what really happens, that is the 'how' and 'why' of scientific progress. On the other hand, the Lakatosian perspective would enable students to understand that scientific progress is subsumed by a process that involves conflicting frameworks (dispute in science, according to Collins, 2000), based on processes that require the elaboration of rival hypotheses and their evaluation in the light of new evidence. It is plausible to suggest that the teacher by 'unfolding' the different episodes (based on historical reconstructions) can emphasize and illustrate how science actually works (tentative, controversial, rivalries, alternative interpretations of the same data), and this will show to the students that they need to go beyond ‘normal science’ as presented in their textbooks.     

“Your career will be over”—Power and contradictions in the work of educational evaluators

The aim of this research was to study professional evaluators’ experiences of power relations and contradictory issues in the evaluation processes. Utterances concerning power and contradictions were extracted by close reading of the transcribed interviews of 15 Finnish experienced evaluators. The evaluators described contradictions in the evaluator's role, in the reduced perspective of interest groups and in the cross-draughts of methodical choices. They articulated the tensions caused by personal relations, weak knowledge of criteria, focus of reporting, and the use of evaluation results. Evaluators talked about power as the use of expertise, as interactive relations, as a fight for positions, as a reporting responsibility, and as knowledge management.     

模态逻辑中的三值逻辑

每一个真值函数三值命题逻辑都可以翻译为模态逻辑系统S5。定义一般的三值命题逻辑的真值函数,并给出将任意的三值逻辑命题公式翻译成为模态公式的翻译方法。证明了每一S5模型,都存在有一个等值翻译的三值赋值。给出了一个将LP和K3翻译为S5的线性翻译方法。     

瓦尔特·本雅明历史哲学视域下技术与艺术的辩证意象

基于本雅明吸收唯物主义历史学和弥赛亚主义的历史概念所建构的批判理论,表明艺术实践是一种与生产实践不同的技术性活动,其目的在于人类精神的自我实现,从而达成人类与自然之间的理解。艺术与技术所构成的"辨证意象"是历史运动之合力的表征:技术作为艺术生产力决定了艺术作品的进步性,艺术则表现为在技术上无产阶级的集体经验与乌托邦意象之间相互渗透。     

集体土地征收中矛盾分析及改进设想

随着城市化进程速度不断加快,建设用地需求不断增加,土地征收制度的不完善等因素造成征收过程中与农民矛盾日益加剧,甚至引起社会不稳定。本文着重分析土地征收中矛盾,提出解决方法、建议。     

The Story Behind an Organizational List: A Genealogy of Wildland Firefighters’ 10 Standard Fire Orders

To invigorate research on the dialectic between lists and stories in communication, this study recommends adding context back to text by focusing on the enduring problems these forms are summoned to solve. A genealogy of one significant organizational list, wildland firefighters’ 10 Standard Fire Orders, shows how a list's meaning resides less on its face and more in the discourses surrounding it, which can change over time. Vestiges of old meanings and unrelated cultural functions heaped upon a list can lead to conflicts, and can make the list difficult to scrap even when rendered obsolete for its intended purpose. Reconciling these layers of meanings and functions is thus not a technical problem but rather a rhetorical one. Implications for communication research are addressed.     

高中综合素质评价的矛盾探析

教育评价制度是课程改革深入推进的瓶颈,而综合素质评价又是教育评价改革的难点。当前,综合素质评价在实施中出现了虚化现象,主要是由于存在着三个矛盾：即实践操作性与指标模糊性的矛盾、评价的发展功能与甄选功能的矛盾、主管部门主动与学校被动的矛盾。针对这些矛盾,本文提出了相应解决措施的建议。     

Review Adorno's “Negative Dialectic” —A Textological Reading on Jameson's Late Marxism

资本的扩张和商品经济的发展,将整个世界变成了一个由同一性原则所支配的单调的世界,阿多诺的“否定的辩证法”试图通过建立一种非同一性的哲学来打破这个单调的世界.在《晚期马克思主义》中,詹姆逊充分肯定了阿多诺的这种哲学尝试,指出阿多诺是20世纪伟大的马克思主义哲学家之一,认为重温阿多诺的“否定的辩证法”,对于我们理解和把握当今世界具有重要现实意义.