Narrative fragmentation in child sexual abuse: The role of age and post-traumatic stress disorder

The present study aimed to assess the effects of age and PTSD on the narrative fragmentation in memories for child sexual abuse. Lexical complexity, cohesion and coherence were analyzed within a group of 86 allegations of children (M = 10 years; SD = 3.7; range: 4–17) who were victims of sexual abuse. Results illustrated that age played an important role in establishing narrative coherence and predicted the level of orientation, the sequence of events and the level of evaluation of the event. Instead, PTSD was related to narrative coherence and cohesion. Therefore, in children, the narrative fragmentation could be an effective diagnostic tool for understanding the effects of PTSD. Moreover in a legal setting the traumatic effects of PTSD on the narrative coherence and cohesion could be significant indices in the evaluation of child testimony.     

The mediating role of secrecy in the development of psychopathology in sexually abused children

Although child sexual abuse (CSA) is associated with psychopathology, limited research examined mechanisms through which CSA leads to psychopathology in children. It is generally assumed that CSA is associated with secrecy among children, to our knowledge this assumption has not yet been empirically tested. This gap in our understanding of the aftermath of CSA is surprising in light of abundant evidence linking secrecy to psychopathology among children. The current study examined whether, as compared to children who have not experienced CSA, CSA victims have a greater tendency for secrecy as reported by mothers and children, and whether psychopathology in CSA victims may be explained by their tendency to keep secrets. Sixty-three non-offending mothers and their sexually abused children (68.3% female; M age = 10.89) and 48 mothers and their non-abused children (62.5% female; M age = 11.17) completed questionnaires on secrecy and psychopathology (i.e., internalizing and externalizing behavior problems). Mothers of abused children perceived higher levels of secrecy and psychopathology in their children as compared to mothers of non-abused children. There were no differences in child-reported secrecy between abused and non-abused children. Mediation analyses revealed that mother-reported secrecy mediated the association between CSA and psychopathology. These findings suggest that secrecy is a potential mechanism underlying psychopathology associated with CSA, which has important implications for treatment of abused children.     

"A burden in your heart": lessons of disclosure from female preadolescent and adolescent survivors of sexual abuse

OBJECTIVES: To enhance understanding of the sexual abuse disclosure process from the perspective of preteen and teenage survivors. To reconsider prominent models of the disclosure process in light of our findings. METHODS: We conducted a secondary analysis of data from four focus groups in which 34 preadolescent and adolescent female survivors of sexual abuse had been asked about their treatment experiences. Girls often recounted disclosing their victimization to others. Using the disclosure segment as our unit of analysis, we isolated 106 for study. During analysis, we wrote narrative summaries of each segment's significance, grouped these conceptually, and examined their interconnectedness. When synthesized, individual experiences of disclosing contributed to understanding the overall disclosure process. RESULTS: Three phases were identified: Self, where children come to understand victimization internally; Confidant Selection-Reaction, where they select a time, place, and person to tell and then weather that person's reaction (supportive or hostile); and Consequences (good and bad) that continued to inform their on-going strategies of telling. The actions and reactions of adults were significant and informed the girls' decisions. CONCLUSIONS: We advocate integrating existing theories and research into a model which views the disclosure process from the child's perspective and includes pre-disclosure and a post-initial public disclosure stages. The model conceptualizes disclosure as an iterative process in which children interact with adults and incorporate responses into their on-going decisions about telling (recant, deny, affirm, etc.). The combined model should recognize the concerns and position of adults as well as the perspective and logic of youth.     

Perception differences and levels of shyness

This investigation advanced six research questions focusing on the perceptions that individuals with high and low levels of shyness have concerning how others perceive them. Results demonstrated that individuals with high levels of shyness feel that others perceive them negatively while individuals with low levels of shyness view others as evaluating them positively. Given these findings, this report discusses future research in the area of shyness.     

基于股东利益要求及其实现方式的非财务指标披露程度实证研究

国内外从未有人从股东角度进行过非财务指标披露程度排序研究和分组研究,从股东角度出发,对股东所关注的反映其利益要求和实现方式信息的非财务指标的披露程度进行了排序研究和分组研究。对企业非财务指标信息,企业除应当进行法定性披露和习惯性披露外,还应当根据本企业股东特点和本企业股东对非财务指标关注的需要以及关注程度的差异对股东所关注的非财务指标信息进行科学、恰当的自愿性详细披露,以满足本企业股东关注相关信息的需要。对不同类别股东披露程度存在显著差异的非财务指标,企业应当特别需要加强披露。     

Dimensions of Instructor Disclosure: Implications for Rhetorical and Relational Goals of Instruction

There are an array of reasons why instructors view personal disclosures as beneficial for the classroom, including to demonstrate caring and to make content relevant. Using the rhetorical and relational goals of instruction theory as the theoretical model, this study tested the potential for the three dimensions of disclosure (i.e., amount, negativity, relevance) to account for variance in instructor rhetorical goals (i.e., relevance) and relational goals (i.e., caring). The results highlight the importance of relevant instructor disclosures to perceiving an instructor as achieving rhetorical and relational goals within the classroom.     

上市公司信息披露制度研究

本文全面介绍了中国的证券信息披露法律体系,通过例证的方式指出目前我国证券领域信息披露存 在的主要问题:上市公司信息披露不实、发布或散布虚假信息、不及时披露信息。作者认为应从披露的信息范围、 要求、法律责任、公司治理结构、中介机构等多方面寻找原因,在此基础上,作者提出了自己的立法建议。     

浅谈会计信息的披露

近两年来，国家对上市公司会计信息的披露作了强制要求，但部分公司仍对市场发布不真实信息，为了从会计源头上杜绝不真实信息，本文从理论和会计实务方面做了具体阐述，以达到规范其会计信息披露的行为．     

Testing a Mediational Model of Bullied Victims' Evaluation of Received Support and Post-Bullying Adaptation: A Japan-U.S. Cross-Cultural Comparison

What sort of social support best enhances bullied victims' adjustment has yet to be clarified. To explore this support-related aspects of bullied individuals' coping process, a mediational model of social support and adaptation was tested with the data from Japan (n=148) and the US (n=192). The results indicated that emotional support generated positive appraisal, which, in turn, enhanced victims' behavioral and mental adjustment. At the same time, other types of support were found to be less effective or even deteriorative. In addition, these dynamics of supportive communication for bullied victims showed both similarities and differences across cultures. These findings were discussed with reference to the research on bullying, supportive communication, and cross-cultural variations in value orientation.     

Communicating Dislike of Close Friends' Romantic Partners

The present study investigated individuals' disclosure of dislike for their friends' romantic partners. Of the 205 participants, 121 communicated their feelings to their friends. Based on qualitative and quantitative analyses, results indicated that individuals who expressed their dislike did so primarily to protect their friends' well-being or because of a perceived obligation for honesty. Non-disclosure appeared motivated by concern over upsetting the friend, perceptions the friend was not bothered, or conflict avoidance. Individuals were most likely to communicate dislike when it involved partner infidelity or upon seeing their friends experiencing emotional distress. Finally, expressing dislike had significant effects on both friendship quality and romantic relationship outcomes.