论宪法制裁

宪法的生命在于实施.宪法制裁是保证宪法实施的一种制度.宪法制裁是针对违反宪法的行为或者违宪的法律所行使的一种制裁方式,它建立在违宪审查的基础之上,是对违反宪法的法律、法规或行为所采取的宪法惩治和救济措施.宪法制裁具有政治性、最高性和行使主体特殊性等特点.宪法制裁的对象主要包括违宪的法律法规和违宪行为两种.在宪法制裁运行上存在着司法机关模式和宪法法院模式等4种模式.我国宪法司法化和宪法监督实践的滞后,直接影响了宪法制裁的实施.为了实现宪法实施以推进法治建设进程,有必要对宪法制裁制度从理论上加以建构.     

国外IR理论研究与实践进展

分析国外学者在机构知识概念、特点与功能、服务模式以及技术探讨与图书馆员在IR管理中角色定位等方面的研究,综述IR建设面临的挑战,并介绍国外IR的发展概况,最后提出未来IR理论研究与实践中亟需解决的重点问题.     

教育体制改革中的中国高等学校法律地位变迁

During the past twenty years, higher education institutions in China have gained enormous rights due to both the streamlining of administration and the decentralization of the government. Their legal status has hence changed dramatically. However, the expansion of their rights has also brought about the possibility of higher education institutions profiting by pursuing development. The influence of the market has begun to permeate higher education institutions, and this change has shown some characteristics of induced institutional changes. Accordingly, higher education institutions should be regulated from the perspective of public law, so as to ensure their public nature. __________ Translated by LI Yancheng from Beijing Shifan Daxue Xuebao (Shehui Kexue Ban) 北京师范大学学报 (社会科学版) (Journal of Beijing Normal University (Social Sciences)), 2007, (2): 5–16     

郑州大学知识库建设和实施的方法

机构知识库是一个大学或研究机构通过网络来收集、存储、管理、检索其产生的学术成果并提供开放服务数据库系统。在促进大学学术成果的保存、传播与利用及为大学的学术成就树立品牌方面起着重要作用。本文探讨了"郑州大学知识库"系统平台建设和实施方法,并提出自己的建议。     

研究生学术不端行为治理的制度构建与完善——基于985工程大学文本分析

完善高校学术规范制度是治理研究生学术不端的重要环节。综合分析38所985工程大学研究生学术不端治理文本后发现,当前高校在研究生学术不端治理的制度构建上主要体现在治理依据、治理原则、治理内容、治理程序、惩治方式等五个方面,较为全面。但也存在一些共性问题,一是文本内容表述不一,认定、惩戒标准失衡;二是制度设计缺陷,主动治理意识不足;三是教化性特征不显,学生权益保障不移;四是"重处罚、轻预防"。完善研究生学术不端治理制度需强化高校主动治理意识、构建系统化治理机制、重视治理程序正义、优化惩戒实施以及改变功利性评价机制。     

科学数据共享治理:模式选择与情景分析

本文综合运用文献述评、理论移植、情景分析等方法,将科学数据共享的模式抽象与案例情景再现相结合。基于研究进展与局限性,切入新制度经济学视角,利用数据资产专用性程度与交易频次,从占优的组织形态角度,将科学数据共享归纳为组织内部的数据共享模式、有管制的数据共享模式、中间体形态的数据共享模式、个体间的数据分享模式和市场形态的数据共享模式。结合情境分析,重点选取资源池模式、数据出版模式与数据交易模式三种面向开放服务的主流共享实践进行演绎。围绕共享模式的供给与需求主线,比较三种模式的优劣势、机会和挑战。研究认为,资源池模式是当前及今后相当长时间内最为主要的科学数据共享模式,同时数据出版和数据交易作为重要的模式补充,发展机遇与挑战并存。科学数据共享治理应根据情景与数据属性进行灵活多样的模式选择。表5。参考文献34。     

国内外关于妇女体育发展研究的整理分析

通过对促进和阻碍妇女体育发展的相关文献进行整理分析,发现促进妇女体育发展的研究包括相关政策、法规方面的一些修正、女权运动的促进作用、妇女参与运动机会的增多、妇女健身意识的增强等几个方面。而阻碍发展的研究包括政策、法规方面还存在还多不足、传统思想对妇女体育的阻碍、妇女参与体育的机会相对少和宗教种族影响妇女体育的发展。     

发展院校研究，建设现代大学

院校研究是把高等教育研究与管理研究的成果应用于高等学校管理，以提高和改进高校管理工作为基本目标的研究。这种研究是偏重于自我研究和应用研究，而不泛指高校的一切学术研究。伴随着美国高等教育的发展历程，美国的院校研究经历了个人自发阶段、科学管理和学校调查运动阶段、黄金阶段以及普及化阶段。根据美国的经验，从我国高等教育的大众化、市场化、国际化等方面阐明我国需要院校研究的原因及可能出现的问题。最后指出，我国院校研究应坚持4个原则：有用、有效、开放、创新，并应从4个方面入手：建立有利的高等教育公共治理环境、建立有利的高等学校管理制度、建立专业人员培养制度、坚持从实际出发，着手解决当前高校管理的重大问题。     

Hearing children’s voices? Including children’s perspectives on their experiences of domestic violence in welfare reports prepared for the English courts in private family law proceedings

This research examined Children and Family Court Advisory and Support Service (Cafcass) reports prepared for private family court proceedings in domestic violence cases in England. The research found that in cases where children’s accounts identified them as victims of violence, these disclosures regularly disappeared from report recommendations. Particular discourses regarding ‘child welfare’ and ‘contact’ were identified, which routinely impacted on the ways in which children’s voices were taken into account. Whilst culturally there has undoubtedly been an influential move towards including children’s perspectives in decision-making that affects them, how these views are interpreted and represented is subject to adult ‘gate-keeping’ and powerful cultural and professional ideologies regarding ‘child welfare’ and ‘post-separation family relationships’. This research found that the unrelenting influence of deeply embedded beliefs regarding the preservation or promotion of relationships with fathers continues to have the effect of marginalising issues of safeguarding, including children’s voiced experiences of violence, in all but the most exceptional of cases. Rather, safeguarding concerns in respect of domestic violence and child abuse were persistently overshadowed by a dominant presumption of the overall benefits of contact with fathers.     

The significance of materiality in shaping institutional habitus: exploring dynamics preceding school effects

This article examines the objective possibilities of Swedish schools to offer an equal and functional pedagogical practice for students’ acquisition of knowledge and skills. The data consist of policy documents, observations, and interviews with students, teachers, and head teachers in three educational settings distinguished by different social demographics. The focus allows for a comparative understanding of how tangible objects generate formations of schools as a relational phenomenon depending on geographic location and social background of students. The article indicates that the impact of materiality lies in its preceding power. It shapes the condition of institutions visualised in architecture, buildings, and the quality of and design of facilities and artefacts. From this material root emanates schools’ values, appeal, social status, and pedagogical organisations – school effects – that empower or weaken the school’s attraction and self-confidence. Different materialities influence each school’s institutional habitus, producing school effects with unequal educational outcomes.