中国重彩画的发展概述

对中国重彩画的历史以及现代重彩画的发展演变进行了追溯,目的是让更多的人了解重彩画、关注重彩画,理解和认识重彩画这棵生长在中国古老土地上的奇葩,并努力挖掘其传统价值,使之进一步发扬光大。     

Non-destructive identification of inorganic pigments used in 16–17th century Albanian icons by total reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis

The application of total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) to the analysis of inorganic pigments used in five Albanian icons painted by Onufri Qiprioti, in the period from the end of 16th to the beginning of 17th century is presented. After removing the protective varnish with a solvent, a dry cotton-wool bud (Q-tip) was rubbed over the painted surface to collect the micro-samples. Samples, covering the main colors and their hues, were collected of each icon. A part of the small amount of the sample was transferred to a glass carrier and analyzed by TXRF. Main types of inorganic pigments used for different colors could be identified. The results indicate a palette which included white lead, calcium white, gold, orpiment, yellow and red ochre, vermilion, red lead; a cooper based green pigment (malachite or verdigris) and smalt.     

Coat of arms: Dovetailing the needs of outdoor sculpture and military assets to develop more durable and adaptable paint systems

The requirements for paints used on outdoor sculpture and military vehicles are similar: overall protection for the underlying substrate, and the ability to withstand prolonged outdoor exposure and recurring physical contact. Aesthetic requirements are different but stringent for both categories of coatings and include maintaining appearance over time. Building on prior work undertaken by the United States Department of Defense (DoD) Army Research Laboratory (ARL) to modify military coating systems into a matte black paint suitable for outdoor sculpture, a long-term interdisciplinary collaboration is under way between the ARL, the Getty Conservation Institute, Mack Art Conservation, and NCP Coatings, that aims to develop and evaluate a wider range of robust paint systems with novel attributes for both the DoD and outdoor painted sculptures. For the latter, this includes coatings with a broader range of gloss, formulated with a much more varied palette. New low-gloss coatings used on military assets were used to paint sculptures by Alexander Calder, Tony Smith, and Louise Nevelson, designed to an aesthetic standard based on approved colour and gloss levels by the relevant artists’ foundations and estates, and formulated to enhance durability. These new coatings offer the ability to match or meet a range of artists’ aesthetic preferences, and to use a variety of polymeric flattening agents to control gloss levels, reduce marring, and eliminate volatile and hazardous pollutants. The use of low molecular weight (LMW) resins provides 4–8 hour pot life to assist in the application process. Compared to current resins, the LMW systems reduce organic solvent levels, are low viscosity, and permit far easier application. In addition, the replacement of typical pigments with low solar absorbing (LSA) pigmentation provides higher reflection which ‘shields’ the resin/binder system and reduces degradation. A particular advantage to conservators from this collaboration is that the coatings on DoD assets provide a convenient indicator of the paint's performance and durability. The outcome will be a unique coating system to provide enhanced durability and maintain the original coating properties for a period of 6–10 years.     

固定pH滴定法测定混合食用色素

传统的滴定分析方法以当量定律为依据,必须确定化学计量点．对于离解常数小于１０ － ７ 的极弱酸碱,由于化学计量点ｐＨ 没有突变,传统的确定化学计量点的方法失效,无法在水溶液中直接滴定．本文提出的固定ｐＨ 滴定法是以水溶液中弱酸（ 碱） 各种存在形式的分布系数（ 数值上等于中和百分数） 在ｐＨ 值固定时是常数为依据的新型滴定分析方法,不以当量定律为依据,不需要确定化学计量点,不要求滴定反应定量完成,也不需要已知滴定剂浓度．只要温度、离子强度及滴定剂浓度不变,滴定到达某一固定ｐＨ 值时,滴定剂消耗体积与弱酸（ 碱） 物质的量呈正比．当溶液中存在多种弱酸（ 碱） 时,滴定到达某一ｐＨ 值,滴定剂消耗体积与各弱酸（ 碱） 物质的量之总和呈正比．因此,只需测定滴定至多个ｐＨ 值时所消耗的滴定剂体积,就可求出各组分含量．将本法应用于弱酸性合成食用色素胭脂红和柠檬黄混合物的同时测定,结果满意,回收率９９２ ％ ～１０２５ ％ ．还测定了的酸离解常数,其ｐ Ｋａ 分别为１１１９ 和９４３ ．初步解释了取代基对其酸碱性的影响     

Photoluminescence of the inorganic pigments Egyptian blue, Han blue and Han purple

The room-temperature photoluminescence spectra of various samples of Egyptian blue (CaCuSi₄O₁₀) are presented, discussed and compared with those of recently synthesized compounds corresponding to the ancient pigments Han blue (BaCuSi₄O₁₀) and Han purple (BaCuSi₂O₆). All the samples of Egyptian blue show identical spectra, in spite of their very different origin. The spectra of Han blue and Han purple are significantly different. Since the Cu²⁺ ion may be considered the only luminescent centre in the spectral range under investigation, the differences between the spectra of the various pigments are ascribed to a ligand-field change. This can be related to the larger size of the Ba²⁺ ion with respect to Ca²⁺. The use of PL spectra for the identification of these pigments in works of art is proposed.     

宋金元时期重彩壁画绘制颜料及技法考辨

目前,美术界对重彩壁画的研究大多是从现存的壁画本体入手,很少去研究史料文献.本文从金代前后有关的史料研究中,考证辨析出这一时期重彩壁画绘制的有关颜料及施色技法,以求在实践中再学习再创作再发展.     

高级阶段埃及学生书面语偏误考察

不同的母语及母语文化背景对第二语言习得过程产生不同的影响,这意味着偏误研究要走向深入应该展开国别研究。高级阶段埃及学生在习得汉语的过程中产生的各种偏误具有值得注意的特点,对其偏误类型进行梳理归纳并制定相应的教学策略,可以为其他对外汉语教学提供有价值的参考意见。     

南阳汉画像石与古埃及浮雕壁画中动物肖形比较

南阳汉画像石与古埃及浮雕壁画表现题材丰富,精湛的艺术表现形式独一无二,其中动物的艺术造型与表现手法独特具有个性。通过对动物肖形的文化背景、象征意义以及表现手法进行对比分析,探究二者存在异同的根本原因。并阐述动物形象对现代艺术创作和中国绘画的影响。