功能动作筛查中评分者间信度的实证研究

目的：功能动作筛查（FMS）目前已得到广泛认可,但其评分者信度存在争议。为了拓展其应用范围,本文对FMS评分者间的信度进行实证研究。方法：所取样本为高水平运动队男女篮、排球运动员37人,研究对象为专业评分者6人。6名评分者按照 FMS评价细则对被试运动员分别进行 FMS评分,然后将每个评分者评定的各项分值,运用统计方法分析评分者信度。结果：（1）FMS中控体俯撑、肩部灵活性、深蹲、直膝抬腿、体旋5个项目,评分者间评分具有较高的关联性（W值0.723－0.904）和一致性（0.6＜ k≤1）;（2）前后分腿蹲和过栏架步2项,相关性（W值0.380－0.570）与一致性（k ＜0.2）偏弱,但无显著性差异。结论：FMS的总体评分者间信度良好。     

多媒体英语课堂教学中存在的问题与对策

文章从皮亚杰的建构主义学习理论入手,分析了目前大学英语多媒体课堂教学中存在的问题,并根据建构主义的情境、协作、会话和意义建构四要素提出相应的教学策略,以提高多媒体英语教学的效果。     

Comparing students’ study abroad experiences and outcomes across global contexts

In this study, we explored the influence of international destinations on student experiences and learning outcomes in study abroad by comparing outcomes across international tracks within a common global program. All students take the same semester-long course then travel on one of seven international tracks to different countries. Our study treated each international track as a case and used a mixed-methods approach to analyze students’ journals kept while studying abroad to compare the experiences and learning outcomes of students across cases. This analysis revealed that although the cultural distance between the United States and the host culture appears to influence students’ experiences, several other factors such as the presence of a foreign language and visible historical environment are also important to consider. These results provide insight for designers of global programs regarding the implications of choosing different international destinations as the focus of their programs.     

基于输出假设的大学英语读写课教学改革实证研究

以180多名非英语专业学生为实验对象,根据上课时间选择四个教学班为实验对象,其中两个班为实验班,另外两个作为参照班,实证研究了大学英语读写课教学改革模式。实验班学生的写作成绩与参照班学生的写作成绩存在较为明显差异,基于输出假设的读写课教学方法有助于提高大学英语学习者的输出能力。因此,教师应该重视学生的主体地位,积极开展合作性输入和输出实践,以读促写,以写促读,不断提高学生的英语输出能力。     

An Analysis of Voluntary Disclosure of Performance Indicators by Canadian Universities

Managing by performance indicators (PIs) is an important and controversial issue for many stakeholders concerned with higher education in the university systems all over the world. This study analyzes the voluntary disclosures of PIs by Canadian universities. The sample consisted of the 44 universities used by Maclean's Canadian Universities ranking, which divide the universities into Primarily Undergraduate, Comprehensive, and Medical‐Doctoral. We were able to identify 123 PIs which were regrouped in 18 categories. The top two categories were disclosures about research and finance which are not surprising since research and the financing thereof appear to be the mission of most universities. The larger universities in the Medical‐Doctoral category appear to engage in a much higher level of disclosure of PIs than the Comprehensive and Primarily Undergraduate categories. According to our results, voluntary disclosure of PIs is positively affected by university size and mission. These results seem to be consistent with disclosure theories, particularly political cost theory and legitimacy theory and with previous results in the corporate sector. They are relevant to different stakeholders concerned with higher education.     

Drug use amongst 12- and 13-year-olds attending emotional and behavioural difficulty units in Belfast

Abstract

This article reports on the findings from a survey of 12- and 13-year-old young people with statements of special educational needs who are attending emotional and behavioural difficulty units in Belfast. The existing literature in the area of special education suggests that a gap in contemporary empirical evidence for drug use behaviours of adolescents attending EBD units and other special educational facilities exists at present. In attempting to redress this knowledge gap, the findings from the present study support the opinions of commentators in the field that young people attending EBD units are at a high risk of illicit drug use in comparison with their contemporaries in mainstream school.     

Improving the Entrepreneurial Competencies of Dutch Dairy Farmers through the Use of Study Groups

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to describe and analyse the role that study groups might play in improving the entrepreneurial competencies of farmers. The most important competencies are described. Emphasis is placed on group learning processes and participatory approaches. Theories of adult learning and extension paradigms in relation to our experiences in the ‘Innovative Entrepreneurship’ study are addressed. We conclude that in our research, participatory approaches and using study groups are an aid to gaining explicit and implicit knowledge. Consequently, they are effective methods for training entrepreneurial competencies and creating an environment in which participants are able to learn effectively.     

教育技术学之传记研究方法

教育技术学是否有或者应该有自己的研究方法？这是教育技术学研究领域一直存在的一个争议问题。任何一个领域或者学科都没有必要强求专属于本领域或本学科的研究方法。选择恰当和合理的研究方法才是科学研究最为重要的问题。在以往的研究中,我们更多关注教育技术学学科本身,却忽视教育技术学发展过程中人的作用与价值。回顾教育技术学发展历史,关键人物是推动这一学科本土化发展的原动力。传记研究对于关注社会发展过程中个人历史的作用以及个人与文化群体、个人与社会变迁的研究来说,有明显的优势。因为它的架构是历史的,背景是社会学的,目的是文化人类学的。它以生命经验为研究核心,重视个人主体性的表达和过程资料的提供,重视叙述性、脉络性和历史性等方面的价值,能够克服量化与质性研究方法的对立,避免理论探究与实证经验的分离,因此可以作为一种有效的沟通工具,了解个人及其所处的时代背景。在教育技术研究领域运用传记研究方法,可以将技术促进与改善教育作为联系的焦点,审视＂人＂通过技术在教育领域中的种种自我表演,为梳理教育技术基本思想和发展历程提供方法和途径。     

远程学习者能否享受到成本优势

当前大多数学者认为只要达到了一定的规模,远程教育将能够实现以较低的生均成本让更多的学习者获得较高质量的教育。但是也有学者对这一观点持悲观或者质疑的态度。那么我国远程教育的学习者能否享受到低生均成本优势？如果能,又是否是以得到＂低效廉价＂的教育为代价呢？中国社会科学调查中心关于中国家庭动态跟踪调查数据显示：在控制了学历层次和专业后,与普通教育的学习者相比较,远程教育的学习者付出了显著更少的教育支出;在控制了私人教育支出等因素后,远程教育学习者和普通教育学习者的教育满意度基本持平,没有显著差异。这说明现阶段远程教育的学习者的确享受到了远程教育的成本优势,而且这种优势并不是以教育质量为代价的。同时,实证结果还显示普通教育学习者的教育满意度对＂住宿费＂和＂交通费＂具有显著的价格敏感度,而远程教育支出中的＂其他费用＂项目会显著拉低学习者的教育满意度,因而需要远程教育办学机构对这部分费用进行减免。     

Equalization of the Burden of Capital Outlay in a State’s Minimum Educational Program

ABSTRACT

The author aimed to investigate the variability in science achievement as a function of student-, school- and country-level factors. Achievement scores of 134,123 eighth-grade students from 4,511 schools of 29 countries who participated in the 2007 Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study were analyzed. Multilevel modeling results showed that science achievement was driven largely by student-level factors. Students scored higher when they had more self-confidence in learning science, came from home with a higher level of family background, were boys, spent less time on nonacademic activities, and did job at home. Schools averaged higher when they had positive school climate, were located in urban areas, and there was no problem with attendance at school and shortages in resources for science instruction.