全面整合学前儿童服务体系——走向“保教一体化”的英国学前教育

英国于20世纪90年代末期启动了全面整合学前儿童服务体系的改革进程。本文聚焦这一改革,从立法、行政、管理、服务标准等维度进行概括和梳理,以期勾勒其基本面貌并分析其面临的挑战。     

美英两国高等教育投资体制分析及对我国的启示

分析以英美两国为代表的西方国家高等教育投资体制，借鉴其经验，我国应强化政府责任，发挥国家财政投入的主渠道作用；稳定乃至降低高校收费标准，完善学生贷款制度；增强高等教育机构的自身造血功能，通过产、学、研结合获取资金；争取社会多方面捐赠；优秀高校要加强国际交流和宣传，通过留学生收费扩充教育经费。     

伦敦城市人口迁入初探(1550-1750)

伦敦的人口迁入是伦敦人口史和城市史的重要内容之一。研究该方面在1550—1750年这一社会转型的重要过渡时期的变化发展,对阐明伦敦、英国经济社会的历史发展进程以及两者之间的重要联系颇有意义。     

Statements of special educational needs and tribunal appeals in England and Wales 2003–2013 – in numbers

The study presents a statistical analysis of statements of special educational needs and Special Educational Needs and Disability (SEND) tribunal appeal rates in England and Wales. It is set against the backcloth of the 2014 Children and Families Act which replaces statements with Education, Health and Care (EHC) plans. The numerical overview provides a research baseline for future Local Authorities’ (LAs’) benchmarking of EHC plans by comparisons with statements and SEND tribunal rates. There have been wide variations across LAs since 2003. The percentage change in statements ranges from +49% to ?60% whilst there are even larger differences in the rate of tribunal appeals, both by type and location of Authority. The discussion refers to the use of mediation to resolve disputes between LAs and parents and for regular LA self-reviews, to avoid a potential inflationary and inequitable growth in EHC plans and to avert resource drift.     

‘Trying,failing, succeeding,and trying again and again’: perspectives of teachers of pupils with severe profound multiple learning difficulties

This article explores the perspectives of seven teachers in England who teach pupils with severe profound and multiple learning difficulties about their learning to teach this group of students. Teachers’ views were captured through a combination of synchronous and asynchronous online communications. Four themes emerged from teachers’ perspectives about their own learning: learning through doing in the classroom, learning through self-inquiry and research, learning from and with others and more formal learning opportunities. A constructivist approach to teacher learning is affirmed as a helpful lens to further understand how teachers learn to teach pupils with complex learning profiles. The article supports teacher learning as a holistic process that takes place throughout teachers’ careers. It highlights the value teachers place on learning through doing in the classroom, learning through self-inquiry and research, learning from and with others, as well as formal learning.     

1630年代英国船税问题探析

1630年代,征收船税是英国国王查理一世在特定时期推出的应急性经济政策。实际上,船税征收是查理一世政府为了加强英国海军力量、保护国家及民众的海上权益,而并非完全是为了满足国王的财政需要。由于船税征收具有一定的合理性和规范性,因此最初取得了良好的效果。但船税政策在制定和实施中存在的一些深层次矛盾,尤其是对船税合法性的普遍质疑,以及国王政府与地方官员关系的逐渐破裂,致使其成为引起民众怨恨情绪爆发的焦点。但是,船税仅仅是引发英国内战的经济原因之一,并不是根本原因。     

14世纪中期英国劳工法探析

在14世纪的英国,黑死病导致劳动力匮乏,生产生活遭到破坏,社会财富开始“倒流”,封建统治秩序出现紊乱。面临种种危机,英国政府颁布和实施了劳工法,力图改变利益分配方向,调整社会经济和政治秩序。这标志着英国政府对劳动人民的控制达到了历史上的又一个高峰,给英国社会经济、政治的发展带来了深远的影响。     

国内外医学期刊通讯类文章对比分析

【目的】 分析《中华医学杂志英文版》(Chinese Medical Journal,CMJ)与国外三大医学期刊《新英格兰医学杂志》《柳叶刀》《美国医学会杂志》通讯类文章的差异,为优化国内医学期刊通讯类栏目提供参考。【方法】 利用Web of Science数据库和《期刊引证报告》,比较2015—2016年CMJ与国外三大医学期刊通讯类文章的载文情况,分析2017年排名前10位高被引文章的特点。【结果】 CMJ通讯类文章刊载量、比例、被引频次和引用率均明显偏低;同时,对学科研究热点追踪程度低,从而导致被关注程度较低。【结论】 国内医学期刊对通讯类文章重视程度不高,所发表的通讯类文章影响力较低。应重视通讯类栏目建设,及时把握相关学科领域的研究前沿和社会热点,刊发高影响力通讯类文章。     

论中世纪后期英国村庄自治成因及特点

中世纪后期的英国村庄普遍实行自治。其成因主要为三点:农业耕作制度和土地占有方式,国王对地方管理的薄弱,以及共同的宗教信仰。在上述历史现实条件下形成的英国村庄自治又具有三个重要特点,即合作互助、"一致同意"原则和对村庄共同体权利的维护。