英国1829年"天主教解放法"论析

完整意义上的1829年天主教解放法案包括两个部分的内容：其一是原则上赋予天主教徒以公民权,其二则是针对天主教徒公民权所作的若干限制性规定或“保障”条款。尽管这些“保障”条款未必实有其效,但其作为整个法案之一部分却并非可有可无。如果说,法案的前一部分内容回应了解决天主教徒公民权问题之紧迫性与必要性,那么,后一部分内容则反映出天主教解放问题之深刻的历史复杂性。事实上,天主教解放问题不只是一个与天主教徒宗教政治命运息息相关的问题,也是一个攸关英国宪法的新教性质、英国国教会的存在及其特权、英格兰民族由来已久的反天主教传统以及新教徒尤其是国教徒的宗教认同及其宗教情感归属等等的重大问题。天主教解放问题所具有的这种复杂性,使得法案设计者们必须尽量权衡各种利害关系,兼顾来自不同方面的多种诉求。惟其如此,我们只有将法案两部分内容视为相互关联的整体,方能同情性地理解法案设计者们的历史处境及其复杂心态。     

关爱与互助:近代早期英国家庭亲子关系新探

对于近代早期的英国家庭关系历来备受学者关注，家庭关系淡漠说一直为众多史家所接受，近年来这一传统观点越来越受到质疑。事实上，近代早期的家庭关系并不像一些学者所称的那般冷漠。父母不仅关心疼爱孩子，而且会在其人生道路上给与其必要的帮助和安慰。子女也会对父母报之以情，在父母年迈或生病的困难时期伸出援手。本文就从家庭亲子关系入手，着重阐释父母与子女之间的这种互助关系。     

过渡时期的磨难:异端与宽容--英国宗教改革前的信仰宽容问题

宗教改革之前,教会在英国的权势始终没有达到象西欧大陆那样君临一切的主宰地步.教会对思想的压制,也从未达到象西欧大陆那样骇人听闻的地步.这一时期英国少有异端,教会及社会对异端的态度一般都不极端.在不同程度上,社会对信仰宽容的默许和容忍,是宗教改革前英国宗教和社会的基本状况,也构成了英国宗教改革的特殊背景.     

农奴制的村社基础——以中世纪英格兰为例

有两种解释农奴制兴衰的思路,一种认为,尽管农奴制存在管理成本高昂的固有缺陷,但其具有的某些优势足以弥补这一缺陷;另一种则认为,农奴乃是自愿为奴,因此并不存在监督管理困难的问题。从中世纪英格兰的情况来看,领主通过强化村社组织和农民相互监督,确实降低了管理成本。其他地区亦有类似现象。这些事实表明,将村社视为农奴制的重要基础,的确是解释其兴衰原因的一条新思路。     

Poetry is an Unfamiliar Text: Locating Poetry in Secondary English Classrooms in New Zealand and England during a Period of Curriculum Change

Undertaken during a period when changes in the assessment of English in public examinations at 16+ were becoming embedded in classroom practice, this comparative research explores where poetry is located within the newly aligned examination assessment frameworks of New Zealand and England. It comments on how these frameworks are locally interpreted by a sample group of English teachers in two culturally diverse cities. It identifies the challenges for assessment of poetry writing and retention of poetry study at examination level that are instantiated within these contexts. In investigating poetry’s location, key issues are highlighted about teachers’ perceptions of poetry, confidence and the support needed for examination level teaching of a genre that is in danger of becoming increasingly unfamiliar to many students.     

中英庚款与民国时期的教育

1930年中英两国达成协议,将英国退还的庚款为基金投资兴办实业,再以其所得利息资助教育事业。举办九届留英考试,培养193名各学科的专业人才;资助高等教育基础建设,安顿战时流亡的教授及毕业生;配合国家政策致力于西北教育开发。中英庚款对民国教育的发展产生了积极影响。     

The governance of professional soccer: Five case studies – Algeria,China, England,France and Japan

Abstract

Although there has been a rapid growth in the globalisation of sport and its delivery to world markets, nevertheless there is a variety of models of sport-business whose characteristics are the product of local histories, local political and sporting cultures, local economic conditions and so on. This paper does not seek to deny the increasingly obvious impact of globalisation on professional sport, but rather it seeks to articulate the ways in which such global phenomena are locally mediated in professional soccer systems in five countries, to identify and to explain local responses to global pressures. The five examples include the oldest professional football system, that of England, and a second contrasting European system, France, together with three relatively recently established professional football systems in Japan a developed capitalist economy, Algeria, which is developing a post-socialist sports economy, and China which is experimenting in sport as in other areas with a ‘socialist market economy’. The resultant evolution of professional sporting systems represents distinctive configurations of stakeholders in what are in effect contrasting business models, and reflects a situation of ‘diminishing varieties and increasing contrasts’, in contrast to the claims made by Elias in relation to global cultural phenomena.     

2O世纪上半叶英国乡村成人教育的发展及其启示

“三农”问题一直是我国长期关注的重点问题,而改善农村整体水平的关键在于教育。重视农村成人的教育,将会发挥出成人的无限潜力,对于建设新农村有着重大意义。20世纪上半叶以来,英国乡村成人教育取得了很大的成绩,乡村社区委员会、乡村学院、妇女讲习会等组织的出现增强了对成人的教育作用。本文从史学的视角分析英国近代乡村成人教育的发展情况,挖掘历史经验,以便更好地为我国农村成人教育服务。     

Quality improvement in early years settings in Hong Kong and England

With a growing awareness of the importance of early childhood education, the governments of Hong Kong and England have both increased investment through providing fee assistance to parents for buying services and providing funding to providers for offering ‘free’ places, respectively. Alongside the increased funding of early childhood education, a heightened interest in the quality of early years settings has arisen. This paper aims to develop a framework for comparative studies by addressing the similarities and differences in quality improvement of both systems. Three key issues are discussed: relevance of the quality criteria for assessment, interpretations of the quality improvement mechanism and its use in guiding practice, and the influence of contextual factors in terms of stakeholders' views of the quality process. It is argued that these key issues are fundamental to a framework for understanding different sociocultural contexts and dynamics in shaping the quality improvement of early childhood education.     

A possible teleology of cultural sector data in England

ABSTRACT

In March 2019, Arts Council England (ACE), an official statistics producer, started collecting a new set of data from its National Portfolio Organisations intended to reveal whether those organizations’ intentions correlate with the perceptions of their peers and audiences. In a world dominated by quantitative data, the Impact and Insight Toolkit addresses a perceived lacuna and marks a substantial investment in qualitative metrics. ACE also expects it to address a number of other concerns – help organizations self-evaluate, measure their short-term outcomes and advocate more effectively. Indeed, it envisages that an aggregation of the data collected will support the case for sustained public support of the sector. The Toolkit’s launch comes at a time when changes to the UK’s official statistics are encouraged, and policymakers are looking elsewhere to inform their thinking. The campaigning aspect of ACE’s aspirations suggests a model of data collection and analysis distinct from that of official statistics production, valued for its impartiality. This article considers what might happen if the Toolkit, which relates to ACE’s role as a development agency, encourages data to be collected and analysed in order to deliver specific outcomes. It reflects on three visions of cultural sector data from the past 50 years: Toffler’s The Art of Measuring the Arts, DCMS’s Taking Part and ACE’s Impact and Insight Toolkit. These suggest a trajectory of cultural sector data determined by increasing importance being attached to institutional interests, and implies that the future of cultural sector data in England may be determined by how ACE addresses its potentially conflicting interests as an official data provider and development agency. Greater investment in the former would more accurately reveal the arts’ contribution to economic and social development; greater investment in the latter would encourage the teleological development of cultural sector data designed for sectorial advocacy.