环境因素对应用型本科高校大学生创业意愿的影响

对安徽省应用型本科联盟部分高校的2177名在校大学生开展了创业意愿情况调查,并对影响大学生创业意愿的环境因素进行了分析。研究表明,在校大学生创业意愿整体水平偏低;社会环境认知、大学环境认知、亲友环境认知三个假设因素对大学生创业意愿的影响程度依次递增。其中,与创业意愿相关度最高的变量分别是朋友对自身创业的支持、创业典型的正面引导、良好的市场竞争秩序。     

绿色创业政府扶持体系研究

基于绿色创业理论,对光伏、节能照明、新能源汽车三行业的案例分析,发现只有遵循绿色创业规律的政府扶持才能真正促进绿色创业企业发展。技术创新是政府扶持绿色创业的首要任务,绿色创业与绿色消费的平衡发展是政府扶持的重要任务,“推拉结合”是绿色消费政府扶持的重要手段。要提升政府扶持的有效性,扶持的力度要适中,扶持的对象要审核。     

Entrepreneurial effectiveness of European universities: An empirical assessment of antecedents and trade-offs

The phenomenon of entrepreneurial universities has received considerable attention over the last decades. An entrepreneurial orientation by academia might put regions and nations in an advantageous position in emerging knowledge-intensive fields of economic activity. At the same time, such entrepreneurial orientation requires reconciliation with the scientific missions of academia. Large-scale empirical research on antecedents of the entrepreneurial effectiveness of universities is scarce. This contribution examines the extent to which scientific productivity affect entrepreneurial effectiveness, taking into account the size of universities and the presence of disciplines, as well as the R&D intensity of the regional business environment (BERD). In addition, we assess the occurrence of trade-offs between different transfer mechanisms (contract research, patenting and spin off activity). The data used pertain to 105 European universities. Our findings reveal that scientific productivity is positively associated with entrepreneurial effectiveness. Trade-offs between transfer mechanisms do not reveal themselves; on the contrary, contract research and spin off activities tend to facilitate each other. Limitations and implications for future research are discussed.     

Growing where you are planted: Exogenous firms and the seeding of Silicon Valley

What are the respective roles of indigenous and exogenous factors in the development of high-tech regions? Entrepreneurs and their start-ups have dominated Silicon Valley's economy in recent decades, but a different dynamic was at work from 1940 to 1965, when the Valley emerged as a formidable high-tech region. In key industries (electronics, semiconductors, computers, and aerospace) that defined Silicon Valley as a high-tech cluster during that period, companies based elsewhere played critical roles in planting the organizations that would - through the innovations they made, the technical talent they attracted, and the start-ups they spun off - help make the Valley the world's most admired and emulated high-tech region.     

创业机会研究展望：基于文献计量的分析

通过文献计量对创业机会领域的现状加以分析并对未来研究前景做出预判.目前,创业机会领域研究的热点和前沿等尚缺乏实证的支撑,在创业机会理论框架下对创业机会研究文献进行梳理,并采用文献计量方法及可视化技术进行分析.结果表明,创业机会研究的学术关注度逐年攀升,创业机会领域基本建立作者和机构的学术共同体,机会识别是创业机会研究的热点,社会资本是机会识别与开发的核心解释变量,创业学习是创业机会研究的前沿领域,围绕创业资源的研究是创业机会领域的重点主题.最后针对创业机会未来的研究进行展望.     

Careers and lifestyles of craft makers in the 21st century

A survey of over 2,000 craft makers in England and Wales undertaken in 2003 forms the basis of this study. It is compared with data from a previous national survey, enabling a unique longitudinal perspective on specific trends within this sector. The career paths travelled by makers between their initial training and forming their enterprises are explored and the dynamism of the sector and its potential contribution to the UK economy are made apparent. Three themes are addressed: the initial training of the makers; the emerging pattern of late entry to the sector; and, finally, individuals' career paths in the context of lifestyles and quality of life associated with working in the crafts.     

浅议校企合作背景下的高职创业教育

创业教育是一项实践性很强的教育,仅靠几节理论课远远不够,还需提供各种实践机会与之配合。为此,高职院校应充分发挥与企业联系紧密的优势,与企业合作建立创业教育实践基地,并努力探索创业教育校企合作的原则与方式,以及校企合作背景下的创业教育应采取的相关策略。     

Entrepreneurship: Exploring the knowledge base

Entrepreneurship research has a long tradition and since the 1980s the field has grown significantly. In this study we identify the ‘knowledge producers’ who have shaped the field over time and their core entrepreneurship research works. A unique database consisting of all references in twelve entrepreneurship ‘handbooks’ (or state-of-the-art books) has been developed. The chapters in these handbooks were written by experts within the field, and it can be assumed that the most frequently cited references represent ‘core knowledge’ with relevance to entrepreneurship research.From our analysis, it appears that entrepreneurship is a rather changeable field of research, closely linked to disciplines such as ‘management studies’ and ‘economics’. Over time, the field has become more formalized with its own core knowledge, research specialities and an increasing number of ‘insider works’. However, it is still based on some fairly old theoretical frameworks imported from mainstream disciplines, although during the last decade we have seen the emergence of a number of new field-specific concepts and theories. We argue that to successfully develop entrepreneurship research in the future, we need to relate new research opportunities to earlier knowledge within the field, which calls for a stronger ‘knowledge-based’ focus. We would also like to see greater integration between the fields of entrepreneurship and innovation studies in the future.     

高职院校创业教育存在问题及对策

高职院校开展创业教育是高等教育大众化发展的必然选择。以当前高职学生创业现状以及高职院校在创业教育方面存在问题作为切入点,以"创新、创业"为教育目标,从树立正确的创业教育价值取向、搭建创业实践平台、完善高职院校创业教育体系、丰富创业教育资源、全方位建立创业教育支持体系五方面提出了加强和提升高职院校创业教育质量的对策。     

创业教育的研究

创业教育是提高学生创业基本素质，培养创业意识。形成创业生存能力的教育。开展创业教育是高职院校顺应时代潮流，服务社会的必然选择。创业教育是一项涉及全社会的系统工程，需要政府、学校、企业等方面共同实施。从学校来讲，要改革培养模式，全方位渗透创业教育。要改进就业指导工作服务体系，营造良好的创业教育环境。