高职院校思想政治理论课与创业教育思考

随着我国经济社会的迅猛发展,"创业"一词已被越来越多的人们所熟知,为顺应时代需要,在高职院校中对学生开展创业教育已势在必行,在高职院校创业教育的探索道路上,思想政治理论课能够对创业教育起到其它课程很难起到的特有影响,在高职院校创业教育过程中切不可忽视思想政治理论课程所能发挥的独特作用。     

大企业衍生创业对创业集群形成的影响研究

提出"大企业衍生创业"的概念,并构建以创业能力形成为中心环节的衍生创业的过程模型;在文献分析基础上通过定性分析并辅以案例验证,认为大企业衍生创业是产业相关企业不断创建产生并最终推动集群形成的重要动因;建立以大企业衍生创业为核心的集群形成解释模型,并据此提出通过创业-集群的方法来促进区域经济成长和创新发展的政策建议。     

创业网络关系嵌入对新创企业成长关系研究 ——创业学习的中介作用

社会网络关系为创业者习得储备知识和创业经验提供了大量资料来源,对新创企业的发展有着直接或间接影响,而知识获取来源、方式的各异也对企业成长绩效存在一定影响,故本研究沿袭社会网络中的逻辑思路,从向谁学、怎么学、学习结果如何层层递进关系中构建创业网络关系强度和信任、创业学习与新企业成长的关系模型,并分别就创业认知学习、创业体验学习和创业实践学习的中介效应做出探讨。据此,本文收集656份新创企业问卷数据,对理论假设采用结构方程模型进行实证检验。研究结果表明：（1）创业网络关系强度正向影响新创企业绩效;（2）网路关系的强度和网络信任影响着创业者对获取知识不同途径的选择;（3）创业认知学习、经验学习、实践学习三种学习方式,在创业网络关系嵌入与创业成长的关系中发挥部分中介作用,尤其创业经验对新创企业成长绩效有显著影响。     

我国科技特派员农村科技创业机制研究

科技特派员农村科技创业从创业主体角度看,主要包括"外生"式和"内生"式两大类型。而这两大类型科技特派员在实际农村科技创业中表现出了多样化的机制模式。本文在对科技特派员创业者进行分类的基础上,总结分析了当前中国科技特派员农村科技创业的不同机制模式,并有针对性地提出对策建议。     

Education returns of wage earners and self-employed workers: Response

This is a response to [Jordahl, H., Poutvaara, P., & Tuomala, J. (2009). Comment on education returns of wage earners and self-employed workers. Economics of Education Review 28]. We acknowledge that econometrics have improved since the time our original paper was written, so that the choice of accurate instruments is now more deeply founded. However, in this note, we argue that the differences in the estimates obtained by Jordahl et al. (2009) has been generated not only because the “sensibility of HT estimators to the choice of instrumental variables”, but also to the estimation metholology followed by them, in which rarely changing variables are considered to be time-varying.     

Entrepreneurship policy and the financing of young innovative companies: Evidence from the Italian Startup Act

While there is a general consensus that young innovative companies (YICs) need special attention by public policy which should aim at alleviating the financial constraints these firms commonly suffer, much less agreement has been reached on the most effective policy instruments reputed to accomplish the task. In this respect, if the scientific debate has very much revolved around the dilemma about the crowding-in or crowding-out effect of public R&D subsidies to firms, there is a dearth of scientific studies which analyse the effectiveness and potential interrelations of different policy instruments which at the same time and in the same institutional context are offered to YICs. By taking advantage of the Italian Startup Act issued in 2012, we analyse, for the first time, the possible existence of interrelationships between firm access to a Government-guaranteed (GG) bank loan programme and fiscal incentives for venture capital (VC) equity investments. Results suggest two important facts. First, the two mechanisms appear to be functional to different typologies of YICs. Second, VC investments significantly reduce the probability to access GG bank loans. Overall, our analysis highlights a sort of “institutional division of labour” between the two measures and depicts what we label as a Task segmentation effect.     

Opportunities for all the Team: Entrepreneurship and the 1966 and 1994 Soccer World Cups

Abstract

Little research has been published as to the ways in which the commercial aspects of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association’s (FIFA) World Cups are organized. Extant literature has instead tended to focus upon infrastructure issues, economic geography, and cultural aspects. Drawing upon ‘swarm theory’ and historian Wray Vamplew’s typologies of entrepreneurial activity in sport, we compare and contrast the commercial aspects of two World Cups; first, the 1966 tournament held in England, the first time that a serious attempt had been made to produce and licence a mascot character (‘World Cup Willie’) to exploit merchandizing opportunities. This approach became an important part of World Cups thereafter; Second, the 1994 tournament in the USA, the most commercially successful World Cup ever, realizing record profits and catalyzing the re-launch of elite professional soccer in the USA. These cases enrich understanding of the networks and entrepreneurial activity of the World Cup, one of the most significant sporting and cultural mega-event projects in the world.     

推进科技企业孵化器发展4.0模式的思考

近年来,全国各地掀起了科技企业孵化器(简称"孵化器")的建设热潮。从1987年武汉东湖成立全国第一个孵化器以来,纵观30年间的发展历程,孵化器从开始以空间出租为主的1.0模式到当前以持股孵化为主的3.0模式,为创业者提供的服务深度和广度都在不断扩展。然而,这些孵化器也存在既无法满足创业者的本质需求、又不能解决自身生存发展等共性问题。提出孵化器发展4.0模式的概念,结合实践案例初步研讨其新定义、新趋势、新模式、新来源,并提出推进孵化器发展4.0模式的相关建议。     

Is there a startup wage premium? Evidence from MIT graduates

While startups are the center of extensive policy discussion given their outsized role in job creation, it is not clear whether they create high quality jobs relative to incumbent firms. This paper investigates the wage differential between venture capital-backed startups and established firms, given that the two firm types compete for talent. Using data on MIT graduates, I find that non-founder employees at VC-backed startups earn roughly 10% higher wages than their counterparts at established firms. To account for unobserved heterogeneity across workers, I exploit the fact that many MIT graduates receive multiple job offers. I find that wage differentials are statistically insignificant from zero when individual fixed effects are included. This implies that much of the startup wage premium in the cross-section can be attributed to selection, and that VC-backed startups pay competitive wages for talent. To unpack the selection mechanism, I show that individual preferences for risk as well as challenging work strongly predict entry into VC-backed startups.     

科技型企业的产业品牌打造应从创业开始

科技型企业在产业市场的生存方式,决定了它打造的品牌属于产业品牌。对于创业之初的科技型企业,品牌打造不仅非常有必要,而且在这个阶段打造品牌还具有一些特殊优势。创业之初的科技型企业可以采用一些简单的方法,使品牌建设更加卓有成效。