大学生机会型创业与生存型创业动机的同构性和差异性

基于需要动机理论和择业动机理论,突破"生存型创业只受生存动机的驱动,机会型创业只受机会动机驱动"的传统创业动机理论的局限,提出"大学生机会型创业及生存型创业的动机均由生存动机和机会动机共同驱动,两种类型的创业动机在组成上呈现同构性,在结构上存在显著差异性"的研究假设,并构建出6因子创业动机测量模型。利用问卷调查数据进行验证性因子分析和独立样本t检验,证实了两种类型大学生创业动机的同构性及差异性。     

Entrepreneurs, Jacks of all trades or Hobos?

Lazear (2005) suggests that entrepreneurs should be generalists, while those who work for others should be specialists. Many prospective entrepreneurs will develop varied skills by engaging in a variety of employment activities prior to becoming an entrepreneur, and incomes are higher for those that do so. An alternative view predicts that those with greater taste for variety are more likely to become entrepreneurs. Varied employment prior to becoming an entrepreneur is simply an expression of this taste, and is associated with lower earnings. Data from a survey of 830 independent inventors and 300 individuals from the general population are used to discriminate between these two theories. The results show that inventor-entrepreneurs typically have a more varied labor market experience, and that varied work experience is associated with lower household income.     

Yes, now we can: Technological change and the exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunities

The paper investigates how technological change in an industry influence which individuals will identify and exploit entrepreneurial opportunities. We propose that the introduction of new development tools will change knowledge-barriers to entry because they enable the abstraction of specialized knowledge that was previously needed for development. Empirically we test the argument using data from the web design industry in a Nordic country during the period 1992–2003. We compare the education and experience of founders before and after the introduction of web administration tools in 1998 and find a significant difference, which supports the main thesis of our argument.     

深化地方应用型高校实践课程“双创”教育的路径

近年来,随着高校毕业生的增多,就业难、择业难问题日益突出,而政府、高校、社会各界都更加重视高校毕业生的就业问题。为此,政府提出“双创”发展模式,期望缓解高校毕业生就业难问题。地方应用型高校作为我国人才输出的重要基地,担负着创新创业人才培养的重担。这些高校在落实创新创业教育时,存在创业教育和专业课程教育脱轨、师资水平不高、“双创”教育流于形式等诸多问题。对此,地方应用型高校应当充分把握“双创”教育的本质,整合各类教育教学资源,打造高水平“双创”师资队伍,深化实践课程“双创”教育改革的模式与机制。文章着重探讨深化地方应用型高校实践课程“双创”教育的路径研究,助力高校打造“双创”升级版提供实践指导。     

试论地方本科院校大学生创新创业能力的培养

地方本科院校已成为我国高等教育的重要组成部分。该文介绍了当前地方本科院校大学生创新创业教育的现状和开展创新创业教育的必要性,以及从政府顶层设计、社会打造空间、高校完善教育体系、学生主动参与四个方面对提高地方本科院校大学生创新创业能力进行了一些思考。     

“双创”与经济发展——基于多层次模糊综合评价法的实证研究

提出"双创"的内涵及主体多样化、结构系统化和互联共享化几个典型特征,分析"双创"驱动经济发展的本质内涵,综述"双创"驱动经济发展的评价研究,并基于多层次模糊综合评价法分析问卷调研数据,得到实证研究结果,现阶段样本区域"双创"对经济发展的驱动作用效果理想;通过进一步分析讨论,提出要重点改善人才培养引进、强化天使投资支持、落实科技成果转化和促进实体经济发展等建议。     

职业院校创新创业教育调查研究——以江苏联合职业技术学院宜兴分院为例

新经济和新技术的快速发展,推动着社会进步和产业创新。创新创业已经成为我国科技进步的重要动力,社会对创新创业型人才有着迫切的需求。职业院校作为职业教育的重要组成部分,承担着高素质应用型人才的培养重任,对我国创新创业教育的人才培养有着重要影响。以江苏联合职业技术学院宜兴分院为例,通过调查问卷,分析我校创新创业教育现状,对职业院校创新创业教育存在的问题进行深入探讨,并全面论述职业院校创新创业教育开展的对策,为进一步加强职业院校的创新创业教育提供有益的思考。     

科创企业的融资模式与创新产出——基于“双创政策”的自然实验

以2013-2018年中关村国家自主创新示范区科创企业为样本,基于“双创”政策实施设计自然实验克服内生性问题,并按照企业规模分组来考察科创企业融资模式对企业创新产出的影响.研究发现:股权融资模式对于科创企业来说最为重要,其余依次为内源融资、银行贷款, “双创”政策实施后企业股权融资所占比重进一步提高,内源融资所占比重逐年下降,表明我国科创企业存在一定的过度投资现象;内源融资和银行贷款对科创企业的创新产出具有促进效应,而股权融资由于会使企业控制权分散、核心科技人员创新热情减弱等而抑制企业的创新产出,特别是对于规模较小的科创企业,企业创新产出受不同融资模式的影响更为显著;“双创”政策实施显著降低小型科创企业内源融资、银行贷款、股权融资对企业创新产出的影响.研究得到主要启示如下:政府相关部门应帮助企业完善公司治理、调整融资决策,并进一步完善资本市场体系及相关制度,鼓励科创企业执行双重股权制度;进一步完善小型科创企业管理制度、提高企业规范化程度,并进一步改善企业的创新环境.     

Internet entrepreneurship: Social capital, human capital, and performance of Internet ventures in China

This article examines the interaction effects of social capital and human capital (experience) of entrepreneurs on the performance of Internet ventures. The empirical data are composed of the longitudinal surveys of 94 Internet ventures in Beijing, China. The study found that the interaction of social capital and Western experience of entrepreneurs has a positive effect on the survival likelihood of Internet firms whereas the interaction of social capital and startup experience of entrepreneurs has a negative effect on firm performance.     

A bridge over troubled waters: Bridging organisations and entrepreneurial opportunities in emerging sectors

Bridging institutions or organisations are regarded as having positive effects in the Sectoral Systems of Innovation (SSI) literature, particularly in compensating for weaknesses in these systems. Yet, we know little about the organisational practices that make their role effective, or the types of innovation paths that they may facilitate within a system. This paper shows how bridging organisations may promote neglected areas of creativity and potential disruptive innovation. These blocked opportunities tend to emerge at the boundaries of SSI: where old sectors overlap and new trajectories form. We draw on the social networks, entrepreneurship and disruptive innovation literature and analyse an intervention in the UK electronic games industry: the evaluation of business propositions exploiting new gaming platforms such as mobile telephones, DVD and film. Using an innovative co-productive research design, the study shows how the effectiveness of bridging organisation activity depends on key design choices and brokerage capabilities.