从语用学角度看语篇连贯——《傲慢与偏见》为例

语篇连贯作为构成语篇的关键,自本世纪60年代后成为语篇语言学研究的重要课题。本文拟从语用学角度出发运用言语行为理论,合作原则及礼貌策略对《傲慢与偏见》一文进行语篇连贯分析,从而更好的反映出故事的主题,人物性格特征及任务间的关系。     

Cross-Sectoral Differences in Intellectual Property Enforcement in Developing Countries: The Role of State-Industry Linkages

Leading developing countries have recently introduced some reforms in their national intellectual property regimes to harmonize them with international treaties and agreements. However, major differences remain in how these laws are applied to different information industries, and how they are enforced on the ground. While intellectual property law applies to a host of information products ranging from music to computer programs, governments have selectively enforced the law in some information industries, while neglecting to extend the same protection to others. Based on the comparative institutionalist approach, this article identifies two variables--state-industry linkages and level of innovative activity--that may explain the selective enforcement of intellectual property law. Intellectual property rights were expected to be better protected in information industries with strong state-industry linkages and higher levels of domestic innovation. This expectation was tested through a comparative study of four intellectual property industries from the Asian region. The results confirmed the expectation, but also demonstrated that strong state-industry linkages may independently correlate with high levels of intellectual property protection, even in industries where the current levels of innovative activity are low.     

与时俱进,以战略眼光审视毕节试验区

毕节地区是我国喀斯特分布面积最大的地区,具有最典型的喀斯特人地生态系统,是全国贫困面最大、贫困程度最深的区域之一.因此,在毕节地区建立旨在探索和实践人类可持续发展理念的"开发扶贫、生态建设、人口控制"试验区意义深远,是马克思主义中国化与人类文明成果相结合的产物;毕节试验区的成功实践,为中国特色社会主义优越性提供并将继续提供强有力的实证;"开发扶贫、生态建设、人口控制"的试验区主题三位一体,有机统一,具有丰富的内涵,是践行"三个代表"重要思想的具体举措和生动实践.     

A New Marketing Paradigm for Electronic Commerce

The World Wide Web possesses unique characteristics that distinguish it in important ways from traditional commercial communications environments. Because the Web presents a fundamentally different environment for marketing activities than traditional media, conventional marketing activities are becoming transformed, as they are often difficult to implement in their present form. In this article, we discuss the idea that these changes portend an evolution in the 'marketing concept' and argue that in order for marketing efforts to be successful in this new medium, a new business paradigm is required. In this new approach, the marketing function must be reconstructed to facilitate electronic commerce in the emerging electronic society underlying the Web.     

Defending the Boundaries: Identifying and Countering Threats in a Usenet Newsgroup

This article is an account of a Usenet newsgroup whose participants, in response to a perceived 'invasion' of 'barbarians,' explored and articulated the value of the group, the nature of the crisis facing it, and the strategies available to meet the crisis. The newsgroup facilitated political and personal support for some gay, lesbian, or bisexual men and women. The primary threat to the group was the increasing number of newcomers who were oblivious to established norms, who tended to view access to the group as a commodity, and who attempted to impose 'outside' paradigms on the operations of the group. Defensive strategies involved calling on rhetorical devices (such as flaming or ostracism) or structural resources (such as employers, network operators, or lawsuits). All strategies had the potential to backfire, but rhetorical strategies were less risky, more available, and more community affirming than strategies requiring access to structural resources. Through this account, the article addresses the mutual linkages and dependencies between the social and technical organization of computer-mediated communication (CMC) networks, the community-building activities taking place through those networks, and the social, legal, and economic structures in which those networks are embedded.     

Our Own Devices: Heterotopic Communication, Discourse, and Culture in the Information Society 1

The main premise of this article is that in information societies generally, and in virtual social contexts particularly, a distinctive style of interaction to facilitate the communication of difference, heterotopic communication , has emerged. It rests on two cultural foundations: an ideological belief in the positive, socially integrating power of communication, and a prevailing ethic of instrumental rationality, subjective individualism, and strategically practiced self-interest. The former is demonstrated by the use of simulation and spectacle as sources of information; exhibitionism/voyeurism as a communicative style; and the awareness of surveillance. The latter is seen in the competitive use of knowledge as a commodity; a surface globalism masking deep parochialism; lateral as well as vertical information inequity; and the use of public versus private as strategies for engagement rather than as spaces. Those who engage in heterotopic communication resort to their 'own devices' both in the sense of personal agendas, strategies, interests, and interpretations, and in the form of the telecommunication tools that help realize them. These personal and technological devices allow individuals with the right educational and technical resources to avoid exposure to disagreement, difference, or other information that does not serve their direct purposes or reflect their particular views of the world; yet they also help convey the appearance of openness, availability, and cooperation. This style of interaction is used strategically in combination with information and communication technologies to gain social or economic advantages, but it may encourage social separatism and parochialism, inhibit the negotiation of disputes, and emphasize competing interests.     

Internetworking and the Politics of Science: NSFNET in Internet History

This article presents an account of the process of development of the NSFNET and its significance for the emergence of the Internet of the 1990s. The fact that the development of the interconnected system of computer networks occurred within the realm of academic research is not incidental. The dynamics of the world of scientific research were intimately related to the shaping of the network and to the way in which it spread to other sectors of society. The construction of computer networks crossed the boundaries between science and society in order to build the scientific realm by transforming the world in which it is embedded.     

Places and Spaces: The Historical Interaction of Technology, Home, and Privacy

While recent developments in information and communication technologies have produced heightened concern over privacy issues, technology and privacy have a long history of interaction. The home has served as a key locus for this interaction. By distinguishing inside from outside, the home supports the allocation of particular behaviors and information to different areas, both physical and virtual. This article explores how different technologies, including structural elements, have affected and reflected over time the boundary represented by the home and how that boundary has helped shape the construction of privacy in the West. This illustrates how privacy might be conceptualized as a social condition arising from the interaction of various boundaries, including the principal one separating the public and the private.     

基于肤色模型和神经网络的人脸检测算法

神经网络具有自学习、记忆、计算以及智能处理等能力,本文应用前向型神经网络做分类器,并阐明了神经网络的分类方法和人脸检测过程,以及结合人体肤色模型实现了在不同环境、不同姿态、不同肤色、不同表情等复杂环境下的人脸检测,同时通过对静态检测的扩展实现了实时的人脸检测.实验表明,该方法具有快速,有效等特点.     

浅论宋人张耒的“崇雅”意趣

张耒是北宋中后期的著名作家,在当时的文坛上享有盛誉。张耒的诗文作品浸染着浓浓的雅化色彩,其作品是作者高洁洒脱的胸襟气度、人格操守和审美情趣的流溢与呈现。张耒的"崇雅"意趣,深深地植根于"宋型文化"这一大的时代文化背景当中,是当时文人士大夫崇雅情趣、崇雅心态的折射和反映。笔者在此文章中,对张耒"崇雅"意趣所蕴涵的多重意蕴及形成原因,进行了深入的剖析和探讨。