Taekwondo and Peace: How a Killing Art Became a Soft Diplomacy Vehicle for Peace

Abstract

Almost since its inception in 1955, taekwondo has been used as a form of soft diplomacy for the Republic of Korea (ROK) and then later by the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK). Taekwondo demonstrations have been instrumental to bringing the ROK and DPRK back to the negotiating table, but how this has been possible has yet to be addressed. This research therefore addresses two questions: (1) What efforts early in taekwondo’s history facilitated its soft diplomacy efforts today? and (2) How do taekwondo organizing bodies teach and promote soft diplomacy today? Systematic literature reviews of taekwondo moral virtues, pedagogy, history, and organizing bodies’ constitutions as well as elite interviews were conducted with those directly involved with taekwondo diplomatic efforts to determine when and how taekwondo soft diplomacy tactics were initiated. This interdisciplinary, qualitative study elucidates that early taekwondo pioneers’ efforts were focussed on soft diplomacy and how their efforts play an ongoing role in ROK and DPRK rapprochement. Furthermore, taekwondo diplomacy has occurred at the governmental, organizational, and grassroots levels, indicating it may be the only sport used at all three levels of diplomacy.     

中国大学生体育协会发展的制约因素及对策研究

经过三十多年的时间,中国大学生体育协会的发展取得了长足的进步,但受到外在和内在体制的制约,并没有形成自己的核心竞争力,中国大体协的管理改革势在必行,本文通过对影响中国大体协发展的内在因素和外在因素的分析,厘清发展道路上的问题,明确改革的必要性,探寻的改革发展之路。     

俄罗斯联邦少数民族教育立法的基本原则及其法源分析

俄罗斯联邦少数民族教育立法的基本原则有：少数民族拥有平等的受教育权、平等的语言自由权和语言教育权，尤其是有保留本族语和以本族语接受教育的权利；联邦政府实行化平等与民族理解的教育，尊重各共和国的教育自决权。俄罗斯联邦少数民族教育立法的基本原则源自前苏联时期的少数民族教育立法。     

A Research Guide on Islam in the Russian Federation

As the Muslim population grows in Russia, and along with it questions of radical Islam and the role of Islam in Russian society and government, it has become increasingly important for scholars, students, and policy makers to be able to conduct research effectively on the presence of Islam in Russia. English‐language literature devoted to the topic is infrequent and often difficult to locate and access. This research guide points to important and recent books, reference works, periodicals, periodical databases, Internet resources, electronic discussion lists, and scholarly organizations to help identify relevant quality research material.     

It's All About the Relationships—In Serials,in FRBR,in Life: An Interview with Olivia M. A. Madison

Olivia M. A. Madison talks about her roles in the library profession and how her career developed along with them, most importantly the unanticipated relationships connecting the elements of her career. She discusses the influence of serials work on her career, her cataloging experiences, the early days of OCLC, her work in CC:DA, her adventures at IFLA, the development of FRBR, the future of bibliographic control, and her development as a librarian at Iowa State University.     

1925:平民学校与海河沿岸纺织工人的罢工斗争

1924年春,中共天津地委成立,当年秋即派李培良、卢绍亭、周振东深入天津各大纱厂,创办平民学校,对工人进行启蒙教育,进而组建工会.海河两岸的裕元、北洋、宝成、裕大纱厂,在党组织领导下,积极投入到五卅运动中,掀起轰轰烈烈的“砸裕大”斗争,其影响广及国内外.     

转型期俄罗斯中小学教师新工资制度评析

2008年8月,俄罗斯联邦政府颁布法令《关于联邦财政拨款单位、联邦国家机构、部队、联邦权力机构实施新工资制度的决定》,根据此决定精神,俄罗斯联邦教育科学部建议在各地区中小学实施教师新工资制度。尽管社会各界对新工资制度褒贬不一,但新工资制度是俄罗斯教育优先发展战略的重要举措之一,其进步意义毋庸置疑。     

上海商业联合会与国民革命时期政商关系

1927年成立的上海商业联合会是上海的重要商业组织。上海商业联合会的资金援助,缓解了蒋介石"军事频受经济影响"的窘境,作为回报,蒋介石指使部下武力对待工人的罢工请愿活动,基本兑现了调整劳资关系、恢复上海秩序的承诺。蒋介石获取军饷的目的在于扩大战争,上海商业联合会筹措资金希望有一个稳定的环境来发展金融实业。目标分歧使得双方合作不足一年便结束了,两者关系变化也成为分析民国时期政商关系的重要切入点。     

走出隐性的阴影:漳州客家人生存状况调查

通过调查,具体描述了对漳州城区客家人从隐性到身份公开过程中出现的种种情况,并探讨了其起作用的主要因素。还对客联会的工作方针作了讨论,肯定了成绩,指出了不足,提出了善意的建议。     

深圳世界大学生运动会市民社会心理调查研究*

北京奥运会、广州亚运会以及深圳世界大学生运动会的成功举办,是举国体制的产物,更多体现为政府的意志.而老百姓们怎么看、怎么想的呢？从老百姓的视野去看我国举办的一系列大型国际体育赛事,是一个自下而上的视野.以深圳市市民为研究对象,运用社会心理学和社会学关于社会分层的理论,通过问卷调查和R型因子分析为主要方法,了解深圳市民对第26届世界大学生运动会的社会心理状态.为中国体育事业谋划后北京奥运时代迈向体育强国的发展战略,提供来自民众真实的社会心理反应.