1950年代中国共产党对工商团体的改造

基于现实与政治的需要,1950年代中国共产党在接受改组原有商会、工业会的基础上成立了工商业联合会,并对同业公会进行了整顿与改造,重新架构了商会体系。由于对工商联与同业公会有着不同的政治安排,中共也采取了不同的改造策略,最终保留了工商联,撤销了同业公会。这种相对和缓的制度安排,不仅一定程度上减少了革命方式带来的冲突,而且达到了控制市场与社会的目的。     

图书馆的社会作用:提升信息服务 助力脱贫致富——脱贫攻坚与图书馆作为专家笔谈

2020年是中国脱贫攻坚战的收官之年,也是全面建成小康社会目标实现之年。无论是在前几年脱贫攻坚还是今年疫情防控中,中国图书馆界都积极响应,全力参与,在数字扶贫、精准服务方面发挥了图书馆应有的社会作用。饶权指出,中国对全球脱贫事业做出了巨大贡献,各级各类图书馆在文化扶贫、信息扶贫中始终发挥着积极作用。今年是脱贫攻坚战收官之年,图书馆界要从"大水漫灌"到"精准滴灌",提升扶贫工作精细化水平;从"单兵作战"到"合力攻关",构筑一体化扶贫工作网络;从"授人以鱼"到"授人以渔",激活扶贫对象内生动力。进入"后扶贫时代"的图书馆,要在提高脱贫人口信息化素养和科学文化素质方面积极作为,使脱贫人口真正有能力开创和拥有属于自己的美好生活;杰拉德·莱特纳认为,联合国《2030年可持续发展议程》及其可持续发展目标描绘了全世界走向更强大、更公平、更绿色的经济和社会的路线图。他指出,这些年来国际图联一直强调联合国工作与图书馆工作之间存在着联系,图书馆通过履行自己的使命也为促进联合国使命做出了贡献。他同时深信,中国各级各类图书馆在国家、地区和全球范围内都将做出重大贡献,并为全球图书馆营造更强大的声音;孙坦认为,继...     

The Central Eurasian Interactive Atlas Project: A Progress Report

SUMMARY

Since 2000, researchers and staff at the University of Washington have been developing a unified Geographic Information Systems database of Russian Federation socioeconomic, demographic, and political information at the raion and city (gorsovet) level. The Central Eurasian Interactive Atlas (CEIA) that has grown from this effort serves both to archive and to provide access to annual progressions of standardized geographic and tabular data covering the entire Russian Federation at a level of geographic detail not readily available elsewhere. As the CEIA grows, it will serve as a curricular and research focus of the UW's Russian, East European, and Central Asian Studies program.     

Gateway to Improving ERM System Deliverables: NISO ERM Data Standards and Best Practices Review

Seven years after the Digital Library Foundation's (DLF) pioneering 2004 Electronic Resources Management Initiative (ERMI) report, challenges with electronic resource management (ERM) system implementation, interoperability, management, and workflow issues remain. In 2009 the National Information Standards Organization (NISO) formed the ERM Data Standards and Best Practices Review Steering Committee to undertake a gap analysis of ERM-related data, standards, and best practices with current and future e-resources management needs in mind. In this session a member of the Steering Committee presented an overview of the project and focused on initial results of the review, including mappings from the DLF ERMI data dictionary to a range of other current standards and best practices. This presentation was based on the draft of an unpublished discussion paper authored by the members of the NISO ERM Data Standards and Best Practices Review Steering Committee.     

博弈视阈下的全国教联会与中基会之争

中华教育文化基金董事会是在美国第二次退还庚款给中国,以＂发展中国的教育及文化事业＂的背景下应运而生的,其在中国的成立为当时的高等教育以及其他教育文化事业做出了重要贡献。但刚成立不久的中基会便遭到了全国教育会联合会的质疑与反对。回顾全国教育会联合会与中华教育文化基金董事会之争的原因,不外乎三个：一是全国教联会对中基会政治合法性的质疑;二是对中基会权限过宽的反对;三是南北教育界背后意识形态的争端。     

The Acquisition of Russian Publications Through Independent Book Agents

Abstract

Librarians frequently have the opportunity to purchase Russian publications from nontraditional retail outlets, such as authors, book agents, or other independent sources, rather than book vendors. These transactions take place for a number of reasons, but generally they are done to acquire specialized materials that are not readily available through established outlets. In addition, the domestic price of Russian books is substantially lower than the prices charged by foreign vendors and as a result independent Russian purchasing agents can offer books at very competitive prices. Unfortunately, because these transactions do not follow established library procedures, they are often very labor-intensive and difficult to complete.     

The Rise of 'Good Reading' over 'Good Writing': How and why women's magazine fiction changed in the 1950s and 1960s

This article examines the ethos and rationale of The Woman Worker, launched in Britain in September 1907 as the official organ of the all-female trade union, the National Federation of Women Workers (the Federation). As a monthly journal, it was edited and managed by Mary Macarthur, President of the Federation, moving to weekly production in June 1908 with the assistance of Robert Blatchford, founder of the successful socialist newspaper, The Clarion. Under Macarthur, the paper emphasised both the importance of union organisation for women workers and the need for parliamentary legislation to protect them from low pay, victimisation and exploitation in the workplace. It is argued here that although this paper sought to fill a gap in the market, producing a paper that appealed beyond those already converted to the cause of women's organisation was a difficult challenge for Macarthur. Her attempts to provide a readable but didactic paper on a limited budget, relying on Labour colleagues for copy, resulted in a paper that did not always have a clear target readership; it was a union journal seeking broad appeal amongst working-class women but it also reflected the interests of committed labour activists. This arguably resulted in a paper that struggled to achieve its initial aim of binding women workers together.     

民国时期的武术及其对近代中国武术的影响

民国时期是一个社会动荡的历史时期,也是各种思潮和现象不断涌现的时期。民国时期的武术从组织形式到功能及活动方式,都发生了深刻的变化。《中华新武术》、精武体育会和中央国术馆等武术组织对近代中国武术发展做出了重要贡献。     

工商联参与社会管理的几点思考

正确认识工商联在服务非公有制经济组织,参与社会管理方面的优势,对构建和谐社会具有重要的战略意义。应重视和发挥工商联优势,把加强非公有制经济组织服务和管理作为社会管理工作的切入点和着力点,通过健全组织领导、沟通征询、思想政治、劳动关系、诉求表达、矛盾调处等六大机制,积极引导非公有制经济组织健康发展、培育非公有制经济人士健康成长。