West – East Entanglements During the Cold War: Shortwave Broadcasting and Propaganda from and to Portugal

Portugal became the centre of an entangled airwaves ensemble during the Cold War. In order to demonstrate this, the article develops along two lines. First, it details how the Portuguese dictatorship, with ideological connections to fascism, allowed the construction in its territory of one of the most powerful retransmitters of Radio Free Europe (RFE), responsible for airing anti-communist propaganda to Eastern Europe. The collaboration between the Portuguese dictator and the National Committee for Free Europe, mediated by US diplomatic officials, played an important role in the development of the operations of RFE in the country. Second, the article demonstrates how Portugal became the target of shortwave broadcasts operated from abroad, aimed at spreading pro-communist and anti-fascist sentiments in Portuguese society. Some of these stations were established by the political opposition that used the airwaves to undermine the dictatorship.     

What Is a Reference Source?

Reference is the balance of employing a process to use materials to locate information. A key feature of teaching reference is to help students understand what a reference source is. This column introduces the dilemma of that seemingly easy task. It includes examples of course assignments to aid in that effort.     

C2C电子商务网站可用性评价指标体系设计研究

针对C2C电子商务网站可用性评价指标体系的设计问题,分析了C2C电子商务网站可用性评价指标体系的设计目标与设计原则,探讨了建立C2C电子商务网站可用性评价指标体系的来源,并在此基础上构建了一个操作性强、可信度高的C2C电子商务网站可用性评价指标体系。     

关于汉语学习网站建设的若干问题探讨

在对外汉语教学中有效利用汉语学习网站,可以改进教学手段,丰富教学内容,缩短教学时空距离,提高教学效果。基于对外汉语多媒体网络教学的主要优势,探讨加强汉语学习网站建设的必要性和重要意义,并针对目前国内外汉语网站存在的突出问题,提出了一些有针对性的改进意见和措施。     

中国—东盟自由贸易区给中国带来的契机与挑战

中国与东盟国家之间虽然在经济发展水平上大体相当,但相互之间具有天然的地缘优势,而且资源禀赋存在一定的互补性。因而,中国—东盟自由贸易区的全面启动对中国经济发展产生积极作用。从外部看,有利于改善中国经济发展的外部环境,为中国的对外贸易与对外投资注入新的生机与活力。从内部分析,中国—东盟自由贸易的启动为提升和优化中国的产业结构和发展区域经济带来新的机遇。然而中国与东盟各国之间在发展目标、发展模式、发展水平上的趋同,将为相互之间深层次合作提出挑战。为此,中国必须因势利导,扬长避短,大力提高与东盟各国经济合作的水平和层次。     

论庄子自由思想的合理性及其矛盾性

庄子哲学的核心问题便是人生观中的自由问题,他的自由思想以“自然无为”为特征,以“心斋”、“坐忘”、“齐物”为途径,以“逍遥游”为最终目标,为中国的思想开辟了一条追求自由的道路。但是庄子的自由思想也充满了内在的矛盾,其最终也没能解决现实问题,实现真正的自由。     

关于马尔库塞视域中人类异化的逻辑探讨

马尔库塞认为由于现代科学技术的进步,导致了现代的人异化和不自由,追究其思想根源是由于逻辑思维方式的转变而致使现代人处于被奴役的境地。     

20世纪30年代上海社会生活的缩影——析1933年《申报》副刊《申报自由谈》上的广告

报纸作为后人观察当时人们生活的一个窗口,报纸广告是其中极具社会学研究价值的一个视角。以旧上海时期的中国名报《申报》的副刊《申报自由谈》1933年所登载的广告为个案进行分析,剖析在新旧文化、中西文化交融汇合时期中国人的心态及当时的社会生活状态。     

Free Radical Status in Retinopathy of Prematurity

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a major cause of blindness in children. Free radicals are implicated in the development of this retinopathy. We studied the role of free radicals in ROP and enrolled 60 preterm neonates at 30–32 weeks age. Thirty neonates predisposed to development of ROP, were placed in study group and 30 normal neonates in control group. Malondialdehyde and antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were measured in blood spectrophotometrically. Both the groups were followed-up to 40–42 weeks age. Serum MDA levels, erythrocyte SOD and plasma GPX were significantly high in study group at 30–32 weeks as compared to control group. At follow up visit significant increase in MDA level and decrease in SOD and GPX level among the study group was seen. This disturbance in equilibrium of oxidant and antioxidant status initiates an inflammatory process in retinal tissue leading to development of ROP.     

血红素加氧酶系统与运动能力

血红素加氧酶系统是体内重要的抗氧化酶系统,该系统可通过减少氧自由基的产生,发挥抗氧化应激作用。另外,运动性疲劳的出现导致运动能力下降与自由基增多密切相关,故文章采用文献资料法和逻辑推理法对血红素加氧酶系统与运动能力方面的文献进行归纳与综述。