The impact of the French policy mix on business R&D: How geography matters

Based on a spatial extension of an R&D investment model, this paper measures the macroeconomic impact of the French R&D policy mix on business R&D using regional data. Our measure takes into account not only the direct effect of policies but also indirect effects generated by the existence of spatial interaction between regions. Using a unique database containing information on the levels of various R&D policy instruments received by firms in French NUTS3 regions over the period 2001–2011, our estimates of a spatial Durbin model with structural breaks and fixed effects reveal the existence of a negative spatial dependence among R&D investments in regions. In this context, while a-spatial estimates would conclude that all instruments have a crowding-in effect, we show that national subsidies are the only instrument that is able to generate significant crowding-in effects. On the contrary, it seems that the design, size and spatial allocation of funds from the other instruments (tax credits, local subsidies, European subsidies) lead them to act (in the French context) as beggar-thy-neighbor policies.     

费德勒与纳达尔法网决赛3次颠峰对决比较研究

运用文献资料法、数理统计法和比较分析法,对费德勒06、07、08年法网决赛技战术指标进行统计分析。结果表明：费德勒在一发成功率、一发得分率、二发得分率、非受迫失误、接发球得分率、破发成功率以及总得分上都不如纳达尔。因此,费德勒在面对不断提高的纳达尔时,在追求快节奏的情况下保证稳定性。同时,为我国选手参加法网提供了参考依据。     

滇越铁路滇段沿线车站建筑窗形制评析

滇越铁路在上个世纪初的修建对云南的经济、社会、文化等产生了重大的影响,其强行输入的西方建筑文化,使滇越铁路沿线建筑成为云南建筑文化的一个重要组成部分,这些建筑主要以简化的法式风格为代表,其中窗形制是体现外域色彩的重要元素。     

伯克、潘恩的冲突与共识

一般认为,针对法国革命,伯克、潘恩的政治思想是对立冲突的。但正是在法国革命的背景下,他们在一定程度上还存在一致性和共识。这种既有冲突又存共识的思想形态是由个人经验和时代精神等诸多因素造成的,并且产生了重要的理论和实践意义。     

作为超文本现象的让·谷克多--新浪潮之外的法国电影一瞥

让·谷克多既是优秀的诗人、剧作家和小说家,也是法国“优质电影”时期风格独特的重要导演,他的作品启发并深深地影响了“新浪潮”一代电影人,本文借助于“超文本”研究视点,考查了谷克多的生活历程与其各类作品的复杂关系,并对其部分作品进行详细的解读,试图厘清谷克多在法国电影历史中所占据的特殊位置和艺术贡献。     

Criteria for successfully recruiting online peer-tutors in foreign languages

Informal discussions with final-year undergraduates majoring in French as a foreign language in a Malaysian public university revealed that they lacked confidence in their language proficiency. We believed that they needed some form of recognition and therefore developed a model of online peer-tutoring. In this study, nine final-year learners were selected to become online peer-tutors for 18 second-year learners. This article explains the selection procedure and the peer-tutoring model implemented in a reading and writing course. It also reviews the selection criteria based on the analysis of the peer-tutors' performances during the tutoring. The data consists of the results from online participation monitoring, self-reflective questionnaires and surveys. The findings were congruent with current research on peer-tutoring and validated the selection criteria (i.e., quantity of messages, quality of contributions, linguistic proficiency and accuracy of objectives). The peer-tutoring model was well received and benefited all participants. Its implementation revealed some traits in the tutor-tutee relationship specific to the Malaysian context.     

论大学法语教学中的中法文化对比

文化与语言的关系十分密切,文化与外语教学的关系更是密不可分。因而,大学法语教学中的中法文化对比具有显著的理据意义。在教学中,应当运用比较的方法凸显中法文化在思维方式、内涵差异和生活习惯等方面的差异,通过拓展教学内容、构建课堂情境、利用多元媒介等方法取得更好的教学效果。     

“Immigrant” in Russian and French Print Media (Linguistic and Visual Composition Analyses)

This study addresses the representation of the linguistic and cultural type “immigrant” in French and Russian media discourse. Linguistic analysis of selected sources shows, on the one hand, signs of tolerance towards immigrants and, on the other hand, evidence of rejecting immigrants, which demonstrates the ambiguity of the matter and indirectly provokes conflicts. Visual composition analysis complements these results by revealing the following: the purpose of immigration – employment – is often socially rejected; immigrants’ sense of community is a specific cultural code in a host culture; and the cultural transfer of an “immigrant” into a different space creates uncertainty or ambiguity.     

法国足球后备人才培养研究*

运用文献资料法、专家访谈法等,对法国足球后备人才培养状况进行研究。结论：法国足球后备人才培养,秉持“全人发展”理念;实施学校系统与体育系统深度融合的双路径模式;采取“五环节训练课”训练模式;推出学校竞赛和俱乐部竞赛相结合竞赛模式;形成由校园足球和俱乐部足球两部分组成的选拔体系;表现为规范性和专业性的教练员培育;构建以政府和足协双方密切合作的管理体制。     

法国科研体制与当前改革

法国公共科学研究实际上由专门研究机构和高等教育机构共同承担。本文概述了法国科研体制与法律环境,法国高等教育科研"增值"的机制、过程与结果,同时简析法国大学、科研机构和企业三足鼎立的特点。法国国家科学研究中心与大学的合作提高了法国大学的创新力,但大学与大学校的联系不够密切,影响了各自科研能力的发挥。