论技术的“性别化”

“技术与性别”论题是技术哲学与技术社会学研究新的关注点。作为与传统技术哲学研究不同方式出现的、对技术以“他者”方式进行的理论反思,技术的“性别研究”,可以获得对技术以及创造并使用技术的“性别化的人类”更全面的理解。它先后历经了两个阶段：首先是对传统技术史进行性别反思,认为需要对技术史中被忽视的女性技术发明家进行“补偿式”研究。其次则试图在社会与文化结构中探讨作为一种社会因素的“性别”对技术的建构过程。考察技术与性别关系,应既包括作为动态的技术过程中的性别因素,还须包括作为静态的技术制品与技术知识中的性别因素。反思技术的性别化问题,并不是要从技术的“男性化”时代逆转为技术的“女性化”时代,而是要力图建构“性别和谐”的技术发展价值观。     

从牡丹和樱花看中日审美意识的差异

花作为一种文化的产物,蕴含着极其丰富的内容。本文通过对中国国花牡丹和日本国花樱花进行意象对比分析．揭示了中日两国审美意识的差异？并对形成此差异的原因从地理环境及人文社会环境方面作了初步的探讨。     

解读"精神顿悟"与"重要瞬间"之异曲同工——以乔伊斯的《死者》和伍尔夫的《墙上的斑点》为例

精神顿悟和重要瞬间是乔伊斯和伍尔夫重要的创作技巧,二者都揭示了人物瞬间的意识反应和心理变化,但同时又具有各自的特点。本文拟以《死者》和《墙上的斑点》为例,解读精神顿悟与重要瞬间这两种创作技巧的内涵及特点,进而比较二者之异同,从而加深对这两位意识流小说大师小说创作的理解。     

Information privacy concerns and demographic characteristics: Data from a Korean media panel survey

This study explores the relationship between individuals' demographic characteristics and information privacy concerns (IPC) using panel data from the Korea Information Society Development Institute (KISDI) that has collected a large sample from 7809 respondents. Its goal is to address the gaps in existing information privacy literature that focuses mainly on behavioral determinants of IPC and thus has not paid much attention to the direct examination of the relationship between demographic characteristics of individuals and IPC. A few relevant studies that focus on such a relationship have produced inconsistent results. In our study, we found that while the effects of educational attainment, income level, and marriage are in line with existing studies, the effects of gender and age are at odds with existing studies. The main contribution of this study is to confirm the results of previous studies with a large sample and enables the generalization of empirical findings. In addition, the results that are in contrast to the literature can generate new research avenue.     

论新感觉派小说性别叙事的文化寓意

新感觉派小说的女体修辞表现为城市与女性的同构关系、城市与乡土的补偿关系,男性叙事者通过凝视、窥淫和祛魅手段,在躯体话语中对女性客体投射情欲目光和权力想象,并以厌女、性虐或拯救三种策略进行自我建构。新感觉派的两性对峙书写配合其模糊的民族意识和被殖民的暧昧表达,表现出现代中国与进步西方的一致性想象,进而为维护传统男权立场寻得新的文学合法性依据。     

美国公立图书馆史研究——历史·现状·展望

本文对美国公立图书馆史研究的历史、现状、展望进行探讨。第1部分锁定相关学者,将公立图书馆史研究划分为第1代、第2代、第3代、第4代,并总结了每一代中主要学者的视角和观点。第2部分指出了不同时代受到的社会、历史学研究、教育史研究变迁的影响。第3部分作为今后的研究展望,论及了批判性白人研究。     

Does adolescent's exposure to parental intimate partner conflict and violence predict psychological distress and substance use in young adulthood? A longitudinal study

Little is known about the extent to which parental conflict and violence differentially impact on offspring mental health and substance use. Using data from a longitudinal birth cohort study this paper examines: whether offspring exposure to parental intimate partner violence (involving physical violence which may include conflicts and/or disagreements) or parental intimate partner conflict (conflicting interactions and disagreements only) are associated with offspring depression, anxiety and substance use in early adulthood (at age 21); and whether these associations are independent of maternal background, depression and anxiety and substance use. Data (n = 2,126 women and children) were taken from a large-scale Australian birth-cohort study, the Mater University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy (MUSP). IPC and IPV were measured at the 14-year follow-up. Offspring mental health outcomes – depression, anxiety and substance use were assessed at the 21-year follow-up using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Offspring of women experiencing IPV at the 14-year follow-up were more likely to manifest anxiety, nicotine, alcohol and cannabis disorders by the 21-year follow-up. These associations remained after adjustment for maternal anxiety, depression, and other potential confounders. Unlike males who experience anxiety disorders after exposure to IPV, females experience depressive and alcohol use disorders. IPV predicts offspring increased levels of substance abuse and dependence in young adulthood. Gender differences suggest differential impact.     

Sexual harassment among adolescents of different sexual orientations and gender identities

This article examines (a) variation in rates of sexual harassment across mode (e.g., in-person, online) and type of harassment, (b) the impact of sexual harassment (i.e., distressing vs. non-distressing), and (c) how sexual harassment is similarly and differently experienced across sexual orientation and gender identity groups. Data were collected as part of the Teen Health and Technology online survey of 5,907 13 to 18 year-old Internet users in the United States. Past year sexual harassment was reported by 23–72% of youth, depending upon sexual orientation, with the highest rates reported by lesbian/queer girls (72%), bisexual girls (66%), and gay/queer boys (66%). When examined by gender identity, transgender youth reported the highest rates of sexual harassment – 81%. Overall, the most common modes for sexual harassment were in-person followed by online. Distress in the form of interference with school, family, and/or friends; creating a hostile environment; or being very/extremely upset was reported by about half of the sexually harassed bisexual girls and lesbian/queer girls, 65% of the gender non-conforming/other gender youth, and 63% of the transgender youth. Youth with high social support and self-esteem were less likely to report sexual harassment. Findings point to the great importance of sexual harassment prevention for all adolescents, with particular emphasis on the unique needs and experiences of youth of different sexual orientations and gender identities. Socio-emotional programs that emphasize self-esteem building could be particularly beneficial for reducing the likelihood of victimization and lessen the impact when it occurs.     

Gender Responsiveness of Selected Primary School English Textbooks in Zimbabwe

When classrooms are not gender responsive, boys and girls seating in the same classroom and learning from the same teacher receive very different education. Each and every textbook and all learning materials tell a story about people; how they relate to one another and to the environment within which they live. The present study is a desk research conducted to establish the extent of gender responsiveness of selected primary school English textbooks in Zimbabwe. Using the ABC of Gender Analysis framework, the study made quantitative and qualitative analyses of two selected series of primary school English textbooks, which are Step in New Primary English （Grade 1 to 7） and Ventures English Alive! （Grade 1 to 7 Pupil＇s Book）. Components of the ABC of Gender Analysis were used to make a critical analysis of the textbooks. Despite the fact that a number of measures have been put in place to address issues of gender inequality in all sectors, findings from the study revealed that the selected primary school English textbooks continue to perpetuate gender discrimination and bias. This impacts negatively on the education of girl children and it is detrimental to equal educational attainment for boys and girls. Girls tend to be affected and lag behind, others fail to excel and even drop out. The study recommends the promotion of zero tolerance to gender biases and stereotypes in all learning and teaching environments. The study also recommends that school textbooks be exposed to the rigour of gender analysis before they are recommended for use in any educational activity.     

Understanding Transgender Identity Development in Childhood and Adolescence

Many sexuality educators and professionals, even those involved in program development and planning, are not aware of the biological and social factors involved in gender identity development in youth. As such, this topic is often not as well addressed in whole life educational curricula as better understood topics, such as reproductive anatomy, puberty, and contraception. This review article is intended to provide an overview of gender identity development in childhood and adolescence, in order to encourage better integration of comprehensive understandings of gender identity into new sexuality education curricula through the inclusion of specific information about transgender and other gender nonconforming identities.