Gender and the evaluation of research

This study examines if and how gender relates to research evaluation via panel assessment and journal ratings lists. Using data from UK business schools we find no evidence that the proportion of women in a submission for panel assessment affected the score received by the submitting institution. However, we do find that women on average receive lower scores according to some journal ratings lists. There are important differences in the rated quality of journals that men and women publish in across the sub-disciplines with men publishing significantly more research in the highest rated accountancy, information management and strategy journals. In addition, women who are able to utilise networks to co-author with individuals outside their institution are able to publish in higher-rated journals, although the same is not true for men; women who are attributed with “individual staff circumstances” (e.g. maternity leave or part-time working) have lower scores according to journal ratings lists.     

Examining the moderating effect of inconsistent reviews and its gender differences on consumers’ online shopping decision

The prevalence of social media has provided consumers with many opportunities to post online reviews on a wide range of products on the Internet. In this study, we attempt to investigate the moderating effect of inconsistent reviews (i.e., a mix of positive and negative reviews) on consumers’ purchase decision. We further examine whether the effect will differ from female to male consumers.     

试析标示反向条件关系的“尽管”

连词"尽管"具有反向条件标示功能,其关联的P与后续句Q之间存在着条件关系,而且P不利于Q的出现。Q必须是确定性的,一般是陈述句,Q中有时可以不出现表示转折关系的词语。在表达过程中,"尽管"与"虽然"的视角不同,P、Q之间的语义关系不同,语用功能等方面也存在着差异。     

Physical education in Tunisia: teachers' practical epistemology,students' positioning and gender issues

This paper explores gendered student learning in physical education (PE) viewed as a situated emerging process involving a triadic relationship between teacher, student(s) and forms of knowledge that are socioculturally bounded. It concerns gymnastic teaching and learning in Tunisia. It was conducted against the background of the Joint Action Studies in Didactics (JASD). Three Tunisian PE teachers having different expertise and experience and 12 male and female students with contrasted skill levels were observed within a gymnastics unit. Based on the video record of the lessons and on teachers' interviews, the findings stress the personal, institutional and cultural dimensions that shape the observed PE practices with special attention to the gendered content taught and learned. The use of the JASD framework highlights the intertwined processes during classroom interactions that influence the co-construction of gendered learning. It makes visible the interplay between the teacher's practical epistemology and the students' gender positioning and its consequence on inequalities in terms of students' learning and the maintenance of gender order in the gym.     

“鬼”无处不在--《女勇士》中“鬼”的多重意象解读

当今美国最有影响力的华裔作家之一汤亭亭的处女作《女勇士》,被盛赞为美国华裔文学的开山力作,并成为国内外文学界的讨论热点。其中,它的副标题为“一个生活在鬼中间的女孩的童年回忆”,由此引出对“鬼”的诸多意象解读。鉴于作者所生活的特殊历史与文化背景,使得文中对“鬼”的形象描写既不完全是中国传统文化意义上的“鬼”,也并非是纯粹的美国文化意义上的“鬼”,而是赋予了其新的涵义。该文试图重新解读“鬼”的意象,说明“鬼”具有替罪羊的形象,“鬼”言说了女性对性别歧视的反抗,以及“鬼”展现了华人处在两种文化背景中的困境。     

Clinical assessment and polysomnographic study of sleep apnea in a Chinese population of snorers

Background and objectives: While an increasing number of people who snore are seeking medical consultations, the clinical characteristics of snorers are rarely reported. The aim of this study is to characterize the clinical and polysomnographic features in a population of snorers. Methods: A total of 490 subjects were examined retrospectively. The clinical history, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) scores, physical examination, and full-night polysomnography (PSG) data were obtained for all the subjects. The correlations between the neck circumference, waist circumference, ESS scores, body mass index (BMI), and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients were explored. The gender and age differences in OSA patients were analyzed. Results: OSA was diagnosed in 84.7% of the sample, with 21.2% of the patients having a mild form, 15.4% having a moderate form, and 63.4% having a severe form of OSA. The ESS scores, neck circumference, waist circumference, and BMI were positively correlated with AHI in OSA patients. The ESS scores and BMI were negatively correlated with nadir oxygen saturation (SaO₂). A greater number of men than women exhibited moderate to severe forms of the disease. OSA affects the work of males more commonly compared with females. Nocturia was a more common complaint in elderly OSA patients. Heart diseases coexisted more frequently with OSA in elderly patients. Conclusions: In a population of snorers, OSA is the most common condition identified. The ESS scores and BMI were well correlated with the severity of the disease. Men had a more severe form of OSA than women. Nocturia frequently occurred in elderly OSA patients, as did the coexistence of heart disease.     

论新感觉派小说性别叙事的文化寓意

新感觉派小说的女体修辞表现为城市与女性的同构关系、城市与乡土的补偿关系,男性叙事者通过凝视、窥淫和祛魅手段,在躯体话语中对女性客体投射情欲目光和权力想象,并以厌女、性虐或拯救三种策略进行自我建构。新感觉派的两性对峙书写配合其模糊的民族意识和被殖民的暧昧表达,表现出现代中国与进步西方的一致性想象,进而为维护传统男权立场寻得新的文学合法性依据。     

美国公立图书馆史研究——历史·现状·展望

本文对美国公立图书馆史研究的历史、现状、展望进行探讨。第1部分锁定相关学者,将公立图书馆史研究划分为第1代、第2代、第3代、第4代,并总结了每一代中主要学者的视角和观点。第2部分指出了不同时代受到的社会、历史学研究、教育史研究变迁的影响。第3部分作为今后的研究展望,论及了批判性白人研究。     

Does adolescent's exposure to parental intimate partner conflict and violence predict psychological distress and substance use in young adulthood? A longitudinal study

Little is known about the extent to which parental conflict and violence differentially impact on offspring mental health and substance use. Using data from a longitudinal birth cohort study this paper examines: whether offspring exposure to parental intimate partner violence (involving physical violence which may include conflicts and/or disagreements) or parental intimate partner conflict (conflicting interactions and disagreements only) are associated with offspring depression, anxiety and substance use in early adulthood (at age 21); and whether these associations are independent of maternal background, depression and anxiety and substance use. Data (n = 2,126 women and children) were taken from a large-scale Australian birth-cohort study, the Mater University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy (MUSP). IPC and IPV were measured at the 14-year follow-up. Offspring mental health outcomes – depression, anxiety and substance use were assessed at the 21-year follow-up using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Offspring of women experiencing IPV at the 14-year follow-up were more likely to manifest anxiety, nicotine, alcohol and cannabis disorders by the 21-year follow-up. These associations remained after adjustment for maternal anxiety, depression, and other potential confounders. Unlike males who experience anxiety disorders after exposure to IPV, females experience depressive and alcohol use disorders. IPV predicts offspring increased levels of substance abuse and dependence in young adulthood. Gender differences suggest differential impact.     

Sexual harassment among adolescents of different sexual orientations and gender identities

This article examines (a) variation in rates of sexual harassment across mode (e.g., in-person, online) and type of harassment, (b) the impact of sexual harassment (i.e., distressing vs. non-distressing), and (c) how sexual harassment is similarly and differently experienced across sexual orientation and gender identity groups. Data were collected as part of the Teen Health and Technology online survey of 5,907 13 to 18 year-old Internet users in the United States. Past year sexual harassment was reported by 23–72% of youth, depending upon sexual orientation, with the highest rates reported by lesbian/queer girls (72%), bisexual girls (66%), and gay/queer boys (66%). When examined by gender identity, transgender youth reported the highest rates of sexual harassment – 81%. Overall, the most common modes for sexual harassment were in-person followed by online. Distress in the form of interference with school, family, and/or friends; creating a hostile environment; or being very/extremely upset was reported by about half of the sexually harassed bisexual girls and lesbian/queer girls, 65% of the gender non-conforming/other gender youth, and 63% of the transgender youth. Youth with high social support and self-esteem were less likely to report sexual harassment. Findings point to the great importance of sexual harassment prevention for all adolescents, with particular emphasis on the unique needs and experiences of youth of different sexual orientations and gender identities. Socio-emotional programs that emphasize self-esteem building could be particularly beneficial for reducing the likelihood of victimization and lessen the impact when it occurs.