Transition towards a green economy in Europe: Innovation and knowledge integration in the renewable energy sector

This paper investigates the fragmentation of the EU innovation system in the field of renewable energy sources (RES) by estimating the intensity and direction of knowledge spillovers over the years 1985–2010. We modify the original double exponential knowledge diffusion model proposed by Caballero and Jaffe (1993) to provide information on the degree of integration of EU countries’ RES knowledge bases and to assess how citation patterns changed over time. We show that EU RES inventors have increasingly built “on the shoulders of the other EU giants”, intensifying their citations to other member countries and decreasing those to domestic inventors. Furthermore, the EU strengthened its position as source of RES knowledge for the US. Finally, we show that this pattern is peculiar to RES, with other traditional (i.e. fossil-based) energy technologies and other radically new technologies behaving differently. Our results provide suggestive, but convincing evidence that the reduction in fragmentation emerged as a result of the EU support for RES taking mainly the form of demand-pull policies.     

智能制造研究述评

基于1990—2022年Web of Science和CSSCI文献库的样本文献，结合文献计量法和系统性文献回顾法，对智能制造的研究现状进行梳理与总结，识别出研究不足并提出未来的研究方向。研究发现：智能制造现有研究包括七大知识模块：概念内涵、核心系统、测量方式、情境、理论视角、前因与后果因素和发展路径，它们共同构成了“What—Why—How”（2W1H）知识框架。What维度（概念内涵与外延）包括智能制造的概念内涵、功能和支持两大核心系统以及对智能制造水平的测量方式；Why维度（前因后果与作用机制）包括技术革命和商业文明时代两大情境，赶超战略、微笑曲线理论、行动者网络和价值共创四大理论视角，技术、组织和环境层面的前因因素，以及国家、产业和企业层面的后果；How维度（发展路径）包括技术和创新追赶、价值链攀升与集成、行动者网络和价值共创四种发展路径。综合现有研究不足、研究热点与研究前沿，对2W1H三个关键问题提出具体的研究议题方向。结合文献计量法和系统性文献回顾法，更加科学客观地提出了智能制造整体知识框架以及未来研究方向。