The effectiveness of subsidies revisited: Accounting for wage and employment effects in business R&D

The present paper investigates the effectiveness of public subsidies on business enterprise research in a panel of OECD countries. We contribute to the literature by explicitly distinguishing between the effects of a subsidy on R&D employment and expenditure, thereby accounting for a potential increase in scientists’ wages. We employ instrumental variable regressions to address endogeneity problems of the subsidization. The results indicate that subsidies are effective in generating additional research expenditure. Expenditure for business research increases by roughly 20% more than employment. We take this as evidence that subsidies may raise scientists’ wages given standard production functions.     

基于C／S与B／S架构的IM软件的研究与分析

IM软件是当今以Internet网络为基础的实时通信系统,在实现上主要基于两种架构,分别是基于C／S架构和B／S架构的。基于C／S架构的IM软件主要使用了TCP或UDP协议、P2P~Socket等技术,实现起来较容易,但是用户需要自己安装客户端软件;基于B／S架构的IM软件主要应用了Ajax、ServerPush、服务器轮询等技术,实现起来比较复杂,但是用户不需要安装客户端软件,只需通过浏览器即可实现网上聊天功能。     

基于.NET平台的开放式实验室管理系统

采用．net组件技术、B／S体系结构和SQL Server数据库设计了开放式实验室管理系统。系统分管理员、教师、学生三个子平台,并对其关键的功能模块进行了深入的分析研究。     

基于遗传算法的高校排课系统设计与实现

随着高等教育的发展,学生人数不断增加,而教室资源和教师资源有可能相对有限,排课就成为教学管理中十分重要且又相当繁重的工作之一。文章根据高校排课特点,在对排课系统及遗传算法基本理论分析的基础上,使用基本遗传算法SGA,设计并开发出了一个基于B/S模式的排课系统CAS,以满足高校教学管理工作不断发展的需要。     

对外汉语教学中“没A没B”与“无A无B”之辨

本文在举出大量语言实例基础上,考察了＂没A没B＂和＂无A无B＂两种语型,分别在结构、语义、声调三个方面进行了辨析,以便在汉语教学中更好地帮助外国学生理解和运用。两种语型都可以做谓语、定语、状语,皆可转换成＂没AB＂＂无AB＂的形式,且都具开放性和能产性。＂没A没B＂偏向口语化,多含贬义色彩,＂无A无B＂偏向书面语,可表示贬义也可以含褒义色彩。＂没A没B＂表示斥责或抱怨时,最后一个字常为三声（上声）,调值为214的较多。包含褒义或中性义时,＂无A无B＂中最后一个字,常为四声（去声）,调值为51的较多。AB的声调大多都遵循＂阴阳上去＂的顺序。     

R.H.托尼教育改革活动初探

作为20世纪上半叶英国著名的教育改革家,R.H.托尼对当时英国的教育改革做出了巨大的贡献:一方面,通过为工人教育委员会创办研究班和一战后对该协会的领导,他在改善英国工人阶级命运的事业中进行了有益的探索;另一方面,他还扮演了工党和政府教育政策制定人的角色,帮助它们起草了许多意义重大的报告和法案,为全民教育在英国的实现打下了坚实的基础。     

影子培训对校长专业发展的影响

校长培训作为开发校长人力资源、提升校长教育领导与管理能力的一项实践活动,正在受到社会各界的广泛重视。“教育部一中国移动中小学校长培训项目”影子培训在促进西部地区骨干中小学校长教育管理水平的提高的过程中产生了积极的作用。     

School quality, child wellbeing and parents’ satisfaction

Child wellbeing at school and enjoyment of the learning environment are important economic outcomes, in particular because a growing body of research shows they are strongly linked to later educational attainments and labour market success. However, the standard working assumption in the economics of education is that parents choose schools on the basis of test-score performance, and concerns about child happiness are largely ignored. In this paper, we address this omission and investigate to what extent parents’ and children's views of their school are linked to test-score based performance, and to what extent parents’ judgements of school quality are linked to their child's happiness. To do so, we use information on stated attitudes from the Longitudinal Survey of Young People in England (LSYPE) matched to administrative records on pupil achievements in England. Our results suggest that test-score based measures of school quality tend to dominate parental satisfaction with the learning environment. However, school quality along this dimension is not strongly associated with pupil happiness and wellbeing at school.     

决策树挖掘技术在手术诊断上的实现

在ID3算法基础上提出了基于卡方测试的前剪枝算法,并在Jbuilder2006系统下构建了一个基于决策树挖掘技术的可视化决策系统。该研究基于B/S架构的系统,通过浏览器自动将服务器上的Applet下载到客户端来访问系统,实现了医疗系统的手术诊断数据表的数据挖掘,所得到的实验结果与专家诊断结果基本吻合,取得了较好的实际应用效果。     

(International) R&D collaboration and SMEs: The effectiveness of targeted public R&D support schemes

This study analyses the impact and effectiveness of targeted public support for R&D investment at the firm level. We test whether the policy design aiming at incentivizing (international) collaboration and R&D in SMEs achieves input as well as output additionality. Our results show that the targeted public subsidies trigger R&D spending, especially so in internationally collaborating SMEs. We further evaluate the different impact of privately financed and publicly induced R&D investment on innovation performance. The results confirm that the publicly induced R&D is productive as it translates into marketable product innovations. While both types of R&D investments trigger significant output effects, the effect of policy-induced R&D investment on sales from market novelties is highest for international collaborators as well as for SMEs.