Faculty–library collaboration: A model for University of Colombo

Faculty–library collaboration paves the way to make students information literate and finally to make them life-long learners. In traditional universities, the faculty–library collaboration is an emerging phenomenon as these two entities are driven by separate agendas; teaching and providing services. Rapid development in information and communication technologies has built a platform for these two institutions to work collaboratively and for making synergies. The purpose of this paper is to describe the conceptual model for faculty–library collaboration based on the extensive literature review and some strategies used by librarians at University of Colombo to collaborate with the academics.     

真人图书馆,还能走多远

作为一种新的阅读方式与阅读载体,真人图书与图书馆的其他信息源相比,有着无法修复的先天性缺陷———客观性与可信度的无法验证。笔者认为,对真人图书馆的正确定位应该是：作为一种丰富目前图书馆服务与传统馆藏资源的有效补充而存在。图书馆作为人类传承人类共同精神遗产的集结地,它所储存的文献所具有的诸多特征,是包括真人图书在内的任何其它文献所无法替代的。参考文献7。     

“**it Rolls Downhill” and Other Attributions for Why Adult Bullying Happens in Organizations From the Human Resource Professional's Perspective

Although communication researchers have begun to investigate bullying from the human resource (HR) professional's perspective, attention has not focused on the attributions HR professionals make concerning why bullying happens in contemporary organizations. Understanding what HR professionals believe causes bullying is important because these attributions are likely guiding HR professionals’ interpretations of the situation and the actors involved, as well as their communications and actions in bullying situations. Using in-depth interviewing and grounded theory data analysis techniques, this article uncovered 5 causes of bullying from the HR perspective: aggressive management styles, deficient communication skills, the organizational culture, contemporary issues, and personality clashes. These findings are discussed along with implications, limitations, and future research.     

马尔库塞与马克思人学思想之比较

文章主要从人的本质理论、人的异化理论、人的解放理论三个方面来比较分析马尔库塞与马克思的人学思想,试图找出二人在人学思想上的差异,并简要分析造成这种差异的原因。这种比较研究有助于我们辩证地学习马尔库塞的人学思想,从而更好地继承和发展马克思的人学思想。     

Interactivity-as-Product and Interactivity-as-Process

This article attempts to clarify the murky conceptual water of “interactivity,” arguing that the term refers to two distinct phenomena: interactivity between people and interactivity between people and computers or networks. The former orients research on the process of interactivity. The latter orients research on the product of interactivity. That two distinct phenomena have been labeled with the same term causes problems when one wants to move from theorizing about interactivity in the abstract to investigating what effects interactivity has and then to operationalizing measurement terms. Studying interactivity-as-process entails a research focus on human interaction. Studying interactivity-as-product entails a research focus on user interactions with technology. In wading into the murky waters of what interactivity is, we must not lose sight of why it matters. In research focused on the opportunities and constraints for citizen participation in the political process afforded by communication technology, for example, interactivity is a variable of importance.     

Named entity recognition with multiple segment representations

Named entity recognition (NER) is mostly formalized as a sequence labeling problem in which segments of named entities are represented by label sequences. Although a considerable effort has been made to investigate sophisticated features that encode textual characteristics of named entities (e.g. PEOPLE, LOCATION, etc.), little attention has been paid to segment representations (SRs) for multi-token named entities (e.g. the IOB2 notation). In this paper, we investigate the effects of different SRs on NER tasks, and propose a feature generation method using multiple SRs. The proposed method allows a model to exploit not only highly discriminative features of complex SRs but also robust features of simple SRs against the data sparseness problem. Since it incorporates different SRs as feature functions of Conditional Random Fields (CRFs), we can use the well-established procedure for training. In addition, the tagging speed of a model integrating multiple SRs can be accelerated equivalent to that of a model using only the most complex SR of the integrated model. Experimental results demonstrate that incorporating multiple SRs into a single model improves the performance and the stability of NER. We also provide the detailed analysis of the results.     

Changes in ankle joint stiffness due to stretching: The role of tendon elongation of the gastrocnemius muscle

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in ankle joint stiffness and the associated changes in the gastrocnemius muscle and tendon due to static stretching. Seven healthy male participants lay supine with the hip and knee joints fully extended. The right ankle joint was rotated into dorsiflexion from a 30° plantar flexed position and the torque measured by a dynamometer. The ankle joint was maintained in a dorsiflexed position for 20 min (static stretching of the calf muscles). We performed surface electromyography of the medial and lateral gastrocnemii, the soleus, and the tibialis anterior of the right leg to confirm no muscle activity throughout static stretching and the passive test (passive dorsiflexion). During static stretching, the ankle joint angle and elongation of the gastrocnemius were recorded by goniometry and ultrasonography, respectively. Tendon elongation of the gastrocnemius was calculated based on the changes in the ankle joint angle and muscle elongation. In addition, the relationships between passive torques and ankle joint angles, and elongation of muscle and tendon, were examined before and after static stretching. The ankle dorsiflexion angle and tendon elongation increased significantly by 10 min after the onset of static stretching, while there was no further increase in muscle length. In addition, ankle dorsiflexion angle and tendon elongation at an identical passive torque (30 N · m) increased significantly (from 24±7° to 33±5° and from 17±2 mm to 22±1 mm, respectively) after static stretching. However, muscle elongation was unchanged. In conclusion, the current results suggest that an increase in the ankle joint dorsiflexion angle due to static stretching is attributable to a change in tendon not muscle stiffness.     

2×2 Dominant achievement goal profiles in high-level swimmers

Abstract

The goal of this study was to assess achievement goal dominance, self-determined situational motivation and competence in high-level swimmers before and after three training sessions set at different working intensities (medium, sub-maximal and maximal). Nineteen athletes (males, n=9, 18.00±2.32 years; females, n=10, 16.30±2.01 years, range = 14–18) agreed to participate. They completed a questionnaire that included the Dominant Achievement Goal assessment instrument, the 2×2 Achievement Goals Questionnaire for Sport (AGQ-S), The Situational Motivation Scale (SIMS) and the Competence subscale of the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise questionnaire (BPNES). Results indicated that participants overwhelmingly showed mastery-approach achievement goal dominance, and it remained stable at the conclusion of the different training sessions under all intensity levels. This profile was positively correlated to self-determined situational motivation and competence. However, swimmers' feelings of competence increased only after the medium intensity level training session. After the completion of the maximal intensity training session, swimmers' self-determined motivation was significantly lower compared to the other two training sessions, which could be caused by a temporary period of burnout. Results indicated that high-level swimmers had a distinct mastery-approach dominant achievement goal profile that was not affected by the workload of the different training sessions. They also showed high levels of self-determined situational motivation and competence. However, heavy workloads should be controlled because they can cause transitory burnout.     

Activity profile and physical demands of male field hockey umpires in international matches

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the physical demands and activity profiles of international field hockey umpires during match-play. We collected GPS data and heart rates from ten umpires over 16 international matches. Total mean distance covered in a full match was 6655±406 m. No differences were observed between mean distances covered in the first and second halves (3390±241 m and 3264±253 m respectively; P =0.093). Hockey umpires spent 2.7±1% of the total match time performing high-intensity running (>15.5 km · h^–1). Paired t-tests revealed no difference in the distance umpires covered during high-intensity running in the first versus the second half (339±168 m vs. 285±106 m; P=0.113), or in the number of sprints performed (3.4±2.3 vs. 2.8±2.1; P=0.290). There was large inter-individual variability in the total distance covered at high intensity (range 274–999 m). No difference in mean heart rates was evident between the first and second half (150±9 and 147±10 beats · min^–1 respectively; P =0.055). The results of this study show that the performance of the participating hockey umpires did not decrease from the first to the second half. Training and testing procedures should be updated to reflect the specific role of the hockey umpire.     

‘One of the Worst Statistics in British Sport,and Wholly Unacceptable’: The Contribution of Privately Educated Members of Team GB to the Summer Olympic Games, 2000–2012

Much has been published on sport in Britain's private schools of the Victorian and Edwardian eras, but no research of modern policy, practice and outcomes has been conducted since the 1970s. Assessment of the contribution of these schools to Team GB at recent summer Olympic Games – and to international sport in general – by politicians, sports leaders and physical education lobbyists has thus largely been informed by speculation. Future government policy on physical education and sport in schools may therefore be influenced by flawed evidence. This article examines the schooling of all members of Team GB for the summer Olympic Games of 2000–2012, and compares the contribution of its privately educated and state-educated members in terms of performance in competition and medals won. Online research using the websites of schools, sports associations, governing bodies of sport, Olympic associations and the media, together with biographies of sportsmen and sportswomen, provided information about each team member's schooling, sporting background and Olympic record. The speculation was inaccurate – exaggerating the proportion of privately educated members of Team GB but underestimating their contribution.