儿童视角下的人文关照——读亚米契斯的《爱的教育》

《爱的教育》这部小说巧妙地借用儿童视角的叙述策略呈现了父子之爱、师生之爱、同学之爱等人间真情,并由此上升为对社会、对国家的深沉的大爱。这反映了他渴望通过教育拯救社会和对人性真善美的追求。他独特的人文关照不仅在当时,在今天也是具有深刻的现实价值的。     

德州市农村预防保健机构人力资源现状分析

目的：了解德州市农村预防保健机构人力资源配置现状．方法：从农村乡镇防保机构数量、人员的年龄、学历、职称等方面进行了全面的调查,对人员的配置量和人员素质进行分析评价．结果：全市农村乡镇防保机构在编人数779人,人均服务人数6347人;平均年龄38岁;拥有中专以上学历者占90．12％,中级及以上职称占31．32％．结论：本市乡镇保防人员年龄偏大,整体素质偏低,应采取各项措施加强农村预防保健机构人力资源建设,保证农村疾病预防控制工作的可持续性发展．     

Service user and carer involvement in students’ classroom learning in higher education

The following article presents a small-scale qualitative study in which the student learning experiences from service user and carer (SUAC) involvement in social work, mental health nursing and social welfare courses at an English university were evaluated for any effects on student perceptions, knowledge, skills and practice. Using focus group methodology, student participants reported positive outcomes from exposure to SUAC classroom inputs such as a greater valuing of SUAC knowledge as expert knowledge, help with the development of empathy and an appreciation of constructive challenges to mainstream curricular delivery. Notes of caution were identified, particularly in respect of the sometimes unexpected levels of emotion displayed by SUAC presenters. Recommendations for meaningful SUAC involvement in higher education are made regarding the need to involve SUACs across the whole duration of a course; the need for the preparation of both students and presenters regarding boundaries; the fit of presentations with intended learning outcomes; more partnership delivery in classrooms between academics and SUACs (possibly with a differentiation between theoretical and practice inputs); the opportunities for SUACs to present their own situations as real rather than hypothetical case studies for students and the possibilities that may result from introducing a ‘buddying’ system between students and SUACs throughout their studies. It is suggested that the insights from this small-scale study merit further exploration on a larger scale if policy and practice in the field of service and user involvement in higher education are to move forward in an inclusive manner.     

Beyond an “Either–Or” approach to home- and center-based child care: Comparing children and families who combine care types with those who use just one

Most research focuses on preschoolers’ primary non-parental child care arrangement despite evidence that multiple arrangements are relatively common. Using the nationally-representative Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort, we compare characteristics and outcomes of families whose 4-year olds attend both home- and center-based child care with those who attend either home- or center-based care exclusively or receive no non-parental care at all. We find that about one fifth of 4-year olds attend both home- and center-based child care. Mothers’ priorities for care (getting their child ready for school, matching their families’ cultural background) and perceptions of good local care options predict their combining home- and center-based care. Preschoolers score higher on reading and math assessments, on average, when they attend centers, alone or in combination with home-based child care, than when they are cared for only in homes, either by their parents or by others. Preschoolers’ average socioemotional outcomes generally do not differ between families who do and who do not combine care types. Implications for research and policy are discussed.     

浅议谢灵运山水诗的创作特色

历代文学评论家对谢灵运的思想和世界观褒贬不一,但就他对山水诗创作的贡献而言却是公认的。本文就谢灵运山水诗的创作风格、艺术手法进行比较全面的阐述,并与陶渊明诗歌特点作以比较,从而更加突出表现谢灵运对我国山水诗创作的杰出贡献。     

Physiological effects of infant exposure to environmental tobacco smoke: a passive observation study

This study explored infant physiologic responses of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) using a longitudinal passive observation study with a control group. Fifteen smoking and 15 non-smoking mothers were initially contacted in hospital maternity units, with home visits made when their infants were 2, 4, and 6 weeks old. Exposure to ETS was measured using infant urinary nicotine and cotinine levels. The physiologic effects of infant ETS exposure were measured by rectal temperature, pulse rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation. The smoking mothers in this sample were poorer, had less education, and were less likely to be married than the mothers who did not smoke. At birth, the infants of smoking mothers had higher diastolic blood pressure than infants of non-smoking mothers (p < .008). Mothers who smoke cigarettes should be educated that maternal smoking behavior can affect an infant's cardiovascular function. Parents should also be counseled about the risks of smoking in close proximity and/or in an enclosed space with an infant, especially in a motor vehicle.     

美国照护社会救助制度及对我国的启示

在老年人的生活质量被日益关注的今天,处在社会最底层的贫困失能老人更应该得到社会的重视,应该对他们优先提供照护社会救助。通过对美国的照护社会救助制度进行介绍和分析,梳理美国在照护社会救助标准的设定、救助服务的提供、救助制度的支出等方面的成功经验,可对我国照护社会救助制度的建立提供启示。     

Unstable and multiple child care arrangements and young children's behavior

Growing evidence suggests that child care instability is associated with child behavior problems, but existing studies confound different types of instability; use small, convenience samples; and/or control insufficiently for selection into child care arrangements. This study uses survey and calendar data from the Fragile Families and Child Well-Being Study to estimate the associations between three different types of child care instability—long-term instability, multiplicity, and the use of back-up arrangements—and children's internalizing, externalizing, and prosocial behaviors at age 3, controlling for a large number of child and family background characteristics. Long-term instability between birth and age 3, as measured in both the survey and calendar data, is associated with higher levels of externalizing behavior problems. Current multiplicity at age 3 (as measured by survey data) is associated with higher levels of both externalizing and internalizing behavior problems, but stable multiplicity over time (as measured using calendar data) is not. Finally, the use of back-up arrangements at age 3 is associated with higher levels of internalizing behaviors. We find no consistent differences in these results by the timing of instability, child gender, family income, or type of care.     

人文关怀视野下大学语文课程改革与综合素养的提升

社会经济的高速发展与大学教育的普及化浪潮巩固了大学应用型、实用型学科课程教学的中心地位,而作为人文科学基础学科的大学语文课却没有得到应有的重视。语文课程是当代大学生内在精神发展的动力,也是提升大学生综合素养的基础所在。鉴于人文关怀的缺失是目前大学课程设置中普遍存在的问题,大学语文课程的改革应当立足于学科的人文性目标定位,通过“知、情、行”三者的有机结合,构建充满人文关怀的语文教学模式。     

班主任管理工作存在的问题与对策研究

在当前新形势下,初中阶段学生的身心发展呈现出新的特点,班主任需要与时俱进,不断创新班级管理工作的方法.要想提高班级管理工作的质量和效率,班主任就要做到以下几点:善于发现学生的闪光点,真诚关爱每个学生,加强与学生的沟通交流,注重培养学生的集体荣誉感.