美国大学面对财政危机的人事对策：兼职教授与教授终身制

在州政府减少对高等教育拨款的情况下美国大学采取了开源和截流两种方式来缓解财政困境。本文以风险社会理论为框架,应用定量研究方法探讨了美国大学在应对经济困境和质量之间的矛盾时采用的教师选拔制度。研究发现,美国公立大学在过去的十年中（1999年至2008年）经历了学费、杂费和食宿费的迅速增长期,而这些增长很大程度上是以美国在校大学生债台高筑为代价的,过度开源使上大学难成为社会关注的焦点,公众和政府的压力迫使大学把焦点部分地转移到截流。美国大学财政截流的基本方式是在不严重影响质量的前提下,选用兼职教师代替全职教师。各大学特别是研究型大学,使用了相对严格的终身职提拔制和年终教师评审制以保障教师的质量,进而保障大学的质量。在风险社会中,美国大学所面临的困境是全球大学正在或即将面临的共同课题。希望美国大学人事截流又着力保障质量的实践为中国高等教育人事制度改革提供一种可能的借鉴。

Abstract：

When states reduce appropriations to high education,American universities take two methods to cope with the fiscal crisis：increasing revenue（including tuition,fee）and reducing spending on hiring faculty.By using Theory of Risk Society and quantitative methods,this paper explores how American universities deal with contradictions between fiscal difficulties and quality of universities.The research found that under the condition of ensuring basic quality,universities often employ part time rather than full time faculty.Relatively higher standards of tenure system and faculty annual review further ensure quality of teachers.The problems that American universities face are the global problem,which other parts of the world are encountering now or will encounter in the future in a risk society.The author expects that the experiences of American universities in this regard will provide one of the lessons for China＇s reform in human resource management in higher education.     

Pro/E在《注塑模具设计》课程教学中的应用

针对高职院校《注塑模具设计》课程特点、教学条件、学生的实际情况,在教学实践的基础上,大胆地将Pro/E引入课堂,使用大量的图片、动画、录像(模具设计实操过程)及现场操作演示,对塑件进行工艺分析,对注塑模具零件的安装位置、连接方式、作用及工作原理进行讲解,激发了学生的学习兴趣,收到了良好的教学效果。     

案例叠进教学在PL/SQL教学中的应用

本文从案例教学出发,论述了案例叠进教学法的概念,以及案例叠进教学在PL/SQL中的设计方法和实施过程,并给出了关于设计和实施案例叠进教学的几点思考和建议。实践证明,案例叠进教学是一种先进而高效的教学方法,是适合Oracle数据库后台PL/SQL程序设计的一种教学方法。     

基于校园网络的虚拟实验室的设计与研究

随着虚拟现实技术和校园网络的发展,在基于校园网络的基础上,建立一个虚拟的实验教学环境,通过虚拟现实技术、计算机网络技术和数学建模技术等来实现实验教学环虚拟境。并通过校园网络实现实验教学等各项工作。     

Higher education in Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan after 9/11： Problems and prospects

The troubled state of affairs in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas （FATA） of Pakistan portends serious repercussions and grave consequences, destined to affect education particularly higher education in the entire tribal belt. Ironically, no extensive study has been conducted, to investigate those dimensions of FATA higher education which have been adversely affected in the aftermath of 9/11. This exploratory study examines those areas which have been badly affected as a result of current turmoil. In fact, the higher education in FATA has its own peculiar dynamics. Inherently, the entire tribal region has very few well-maintained and properly equipped colleges. Lack of adequate educational facilities, multiplied poor security environment has aggravated the entire situation. Law and order situation in the region has undermined the already dilapidated monitoring mechanism of education department. This state of affairs provides breeding ground for extremist propensities and radical tendencies. In reality, very little attention has been devoted to reform the education system in tribal areas. The whole set up needs to be rehabilitated by taking recourse due to the proactive role of international community. The paper concludes with recommendations for policy makers besides offering new avenues for further research.     

基于.Net/Link的数值分析网络实验室的开发与应用

Mathematica软件可以使用.Net/Link与.Net平台通信,使用.Net/Link可以在Asp.Net中完成数值分析中所有的实验任务。文章介绍了在Asp.Net中使用.Net/Link构建数值分析网络实验室的技术方案、细节和特点,并给出了一个.Net/Link应用实例。     

基于B／S模式成绩查询系统的设计和实现

主要论述了成绩查询系统的分析、设计和实现,具体介绍了成绩查询、成绩下载、成绩统计等三个功能模块的程序流程图和主要程序代码．本系统基于ACCESS数据库、采用ASP技术开发实现．该系统既能实现一般的考生成绩查询功能,又能面向教师实现班级成绩查询、下载、统计功能．本系统在实际当中投人运行,经过不断修正,实现了预期的功能．     

“人称代词＋来2＋V（P）”构式语义分析——以“我来2V（P）”为例

现代汉语“人称代词＋来＋V（P）”句存在两种不同的语义,其一表示连动义,成分间关系松散;其二取整体义,框架中不宜插入其他成分,“来”语义虚化（学界称“来2”）,重音在“人称代词”。本文认为,“人称代词＋来2＋V（P）”具有构式地位,构式义与“责任”义有关。本文以人称代词“我”为例,考察了“我来1V（P）”句大量真实语料,认为“我来2V（P）”的典型构式义为言者主动承担责任,非典型语义表示言者对行为／话语权的宣示。其中,V（P）的语义特征受到构式整体义的制约。在构式整体语义中,“来2”是起关键作用的成分。     

Understanding Head Start children's problem behaviors in the context of arrest or incarceration of household members

Using data from the nationally representative Head Start Family and Child Experiences Survey (FACES), the relationships between living in a household where a household member had been arrested or incarcerated and conduct problems of preschool children enrolled in Head Start were examined. Children who lived in such households showed more aggressive, hyperactive, and withdrawn behaviors than children who lived in households with no such exposure. These associations remained statistically significant after controlling for other family background characteristics. Parental involvement in Head Start, less use of spanking, and more time spent by the child in Head Start were associated with less problem behaviors.     

Learning science through research apprenticeships: A critical review of the literature

Science education models for secondary and college students as well as K‐12 teachers have been dominated by classroom‐based approaches. Recently, research apprenticeships wherein learners worked with practicing scientists on authentic scientific research have become increasingly popular. The purpose of this critical review of the literature was to review and synthesize empirical studies that have explored learning outcomes associated with research apprenticeships for science learners. We reviewed 53 studies of scientific research apprenticeship experiences for secondary students, undergraduates and teachers, both pre‐service and in‐service. The review explored various learning outcomes associated with participation in research apprenticeships. These outcomes included effects of apprenticeship experiences on participant career aspirations, ideas about the nature of science (NOS), understandings of scientific content, confidence for doing science and intellectual development. The extant literature supported many of the presumed positive associations between apprenticeship experiences and desired learning outcomes, but findings related to some themes (e.g., NOS understandings) supported conflicting conclusions. Implications included importance of the length of the apprenticeship, need to explicitly place attention on desired outcomes, and engagement of participants. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 47:235–256, 2010