关于IPA在中外旅游业中的应用的研究综述

本文对IPA——重要性一表现程度分析方法（importance-performance analysis）在国内外旅游业中的应用做了研究综述。首先介绍了目前我国旅游学定量研究的进展,分析了IPA在国内旅游业中三个方面的应用,包括：导游服务质量、旅游目的地形象和旅游者选择酒店的因素。然后分析了传统IPA方法在国外旅游业中的应用,提出了IPA在概念及实际应用中存在的几点问题,并介绍了经过修订的几种新的IPA方法。     

公共体育课的改革视角下大学生体育课IPA分析

本文以魅力质量理论为依据运用IPA分析法对湖南理工学院2019年公共体育羽毛球选项课学生为研究对象,分析影响公共体育选项课满意度的各项指标。研究分析了公共体育选项课的基本质量、一元质量和魅力质量特征及原因对策;魅力质量包括教师语言表达、教师品质、同学间谦让场地等,如果这类超预期指标能够给予满足可以达到意想不到的效果。     

Student-to-teacher violation and the threat to a teacher’s self

This paper is based on a study of fourteen Norwegian K-12 teachers who have been violated by students in schools. One key theme emerged during the process of analysis: the threat to the teachers’ self. This threat appears to be intensified due to lack of support. The findings in this small-scale Norwegian study indicate that student-to-teacher violation can have a serious impact on teachers’ perceptions of their individual and professional self. The findings disclose that the teachers’ self is affected leading to changed, weakened and disrupted experience of teachers’ self-understanding. This knowledge may influence how teachers can continue working when critical incidents occur.     

Enhancing teaching effectiveness by using the Six-Sigma DMAIC model

As the competition increases in higher education, how to improve teaching quality to promote educational performance becomes a significant issue. Many higher educational institutions (HEIs) make efforts to establish a feedback system to monitor and reflect the outcomes of teaching evaluations. This study aimed to describe the use of the Six-Sigma DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyse, Improve, and Control) procedures and the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) method to implement a feedback system step by step. The study proposed some useful instruments to illustrate how evaluations of teaching can be simple and objective by using a questionnaire, how to detect the disadvantages on teaching, and the decision strategy to prioritise disadvantages that are in need of corrective action. HEIs may use these instruments to establish an effective feedback system.     

基于就业竞争力梯级打造的旅游管理专业人才培养模式研究

在分析前人研究成果的基础上，结合重庆教育学院旅游系人才培养的实际情况．创新性地提出了旅游管理专业学生就业竞争力梯级打造的理念，即普通竞争级人才实现充分就业，特色竞争级人才实现自主择业，优势竞争级人才实现成功立业，并针对性的总结了三级人才的培养模式。实践证明，该模式对提升学生就业竞争力具有十分显著的作用。     

基于IPA方法的上海崇明岛生态旅游评价研究

生态旅游是以环境友好为特点的一种新兴旅游形式,IPA（important and performance analysis）即“重要性与满意度评价分析方法”,是一个广泛应用于对研究对象进行综合评价的重要方法。本文以崇明为例,开展游客对崇明生态旅游的满意度及相关要素的重要性评价研究,比较它们的差异,在此基础上,构建崇明生态旅游感知评价的IPA四象限图,旨在为发展崇明生态旅游提供对策。研究得出：“高重要性、低满意度”的重点改进区域包括六个要素,分别是“专业人才缺乏”,“人员素质不高”、“村民保护意识不强”、“管理水平低下”、“卫生状况堪忧”、“垃圾处理设施不全”。     

Exploring the impact of bullying on young bystanders

This study aimed to explore peer bullying events in schools by using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to consider the experiences of young bystanders: the perceptions and understandings of students who had witnessed bullying. Participants were aged 12–13 and attended two neighbouring secondary schools in the UK. Four themes were generated: the power and limits of language in bullying incidents; the power of moral frameworks; the presence of dynamic social systems, both inside and outside peer groups; and the psychological consequences of being a bystander. Implications of the research are discussed, for the practice of school staff and for educational psychologists.     

基于IPA分析法的南靖土楼游客满意度实证研究

为了进一步提升南靖土楼的旅游市场竞争力,本文在对景区实地考察的基础上采用问卷调查、IPA(重要性——表现性分析)研究方法,选取17个观测变量对土楼景区进行游客满意度研究分析。首先采用问卷调查对数据进行收集,进而运用IPA对得到的数据进行研究分析。从IPA模型中可以得知景区存在的优势与不足,在此基础上为土楼景区的发展提出改进措施,促进景区可持续发展。     

国际音标元音的认识探微——基于对国际音标元音实际发音的声学考察

国际音标是一套基于大量语言和语言理论的标音体系。通过运用无音格局的观念,采用实验语音学和统计学相结合的方法,对九位著名语音学家的八个国际音标基本元音进行分析得出:学者实际发音的国际音标元音系统比较整齐、规范,元音间层级性、系统性都很清晰;学者实际发音的元音空间比较大,他们对音素声学位置的建立依赖于其对此音的理解和个人的生理情况。国际音标的原则、设计、使用、观念符合人类语言的共同规律,可以运用科学的方法理解、掌握这些符号系统。     

Measuring the temporal dynamics of policy mixes – An empirical analysis of renewable energy policy mixes’ balance and design features in nine countries

Complex societal or environmental problems require fast and substantial socio-technical transitions. For instance, in the case of climate change, these transitions need to take place in the energy, transport and several industry sectors. To induce and accelerate such transitions, numerous policy interventions are required, which interact with each other in policy mixes. While several conceptual studies on policy mixes have been published recently, there is very little empirical research apart from single case or small-n studies. It has been prominently argued that the debate about policy mixes has reached an impasse partly due to this lack of empirical work. This paper addresses this gap by providing a first analysis of the temporal dynamics of complex policy mixes. To do so, we develop a conceptualization and measurement of policy mix balance across instrument types as well as policy mix design features (in the form of intensity as a general and technology specificity as a technology-focused design feature). This allows us to answer the question how temporal dynamics of policy mixes differ between countries regarding their balance and design features. Our measurement approach is developed bottom-up, i.e., policies are assessed individually and then aggregated systematically at the policy mix level. This enables overcoming the ‘dependent variable problem in the study of policy change’, i.e., the problem of measuring policy output. More specifically, we develop a comparative dataset of 522 renewable energy policies in nine OECD countries. Our analysis shows that countries’ policy mix dynamics vary strongly regarding some variables (e.g., technology specificity) but less regarding others (e.g., balance). As a validity check, we also test the effects of these mix dynamics on policy outcome in the form of renewable energy technology diffusion. We reflect our findings in light of the theoretical debates around policy mixes and policy design and discuss how our results provoke an agenda for the new generation of research on policy mixes. We specifically discuss avenues for future research with a particular focus on the ‘politics of policy mixes’.