Re-Entering the Sporting World: China's Sponsorship of the 1963 Games of the New Emerging Forces (GANEFO)

Prior to the 2008 Olympics, China's most sustained support of an international multi-sport event came in 1963 when it contributed significantly to the financing of and then dominated the medals table at the inaugural Games of the New Emerging Forces (GANEFO), held in Jakarta. GANEFO is a singular moment through which to understand politics and sport in the 1960s. This article is a consideration of China's role in GANEFO, and the West's response to China's involvement. It explores the ways in which China used the event to navigate issues of international and regional geopolitics, and considers the diplomatic and sporting corridors within which GANEFO resonated. GANEFO was a platform through which geopolitical tensions were revealed, and China engaged in propaganda campaigns directed at the West and positioned itself to win allies among the decolonising countries of Asia and Africa – astride the artificial boundary that separated the Second and Third Worlds. China's interest in and the West's response to GANEFO reflected the ways in which anti-communist Cold War politics were conflated with racialised, post-colonial discourses and tension between Second World powers.     

The Role of Language in a Journalistic Interpretive Community

Drawing on anniversary-edition articles and interviews with journalists at Jakarta Post, Indonesia’s largest English-language news outlet, we argue that language of publication directly informs the narratives a journalistic interpretive community [Zelizer, Barbie. 1993. “Journalists as Interpretive Communities.” Critical Studies in Mass Communication 10: 219–237] develops to position itself as a news authority. Analysis showed that associations with English as a foreign language in Indonesia influenced stories of the newspaper’s professional values and practice, and the ways it conceptualized readership. The study contributes to the growing body of literature that examines intersections of journalism and language—in this case, English as a language of publication in a global context.     

印尼与中国民间故事比较研究

印尼和中国的民间故事具有"大同小异"的特征,大同首先体现在两国民间故事具有若干相同的母题类型:即惩恶扬善的英雄传奇、劝谕训诫的动物叙事、忠贞不渝的爱情传奇、备受尊崇的民间信仰、发人深省的伦理悲剧;其次体现在它们在艺术手法上的不谋而合之处:即寓泛神话色彩的故事于自然的表现手法、拟人色彩的动物视点、寓情于理的世态展现。两国民间故事既有整体层面"大同",亦有局部层面的"小异",即在诸母题范畴的内部细节和艺术手法的具体运用等方面,呈现出差异化的面貌。     

Leadership styles and decision-making styles in an Indonesian school context

School leadership has been well researched in developed countries. However, in Asia, particularly in Indonesia, school leadership has not been well explored. Using survey data from a sample of 475 teachers in six Lampung school districts, this paper examines the relationships between school principal leadership styles and school principal decision-making styles in an Indonesian school context. Findings are that most of the relationships between school principal leadership styles and school principal decision-making styles are significant. These findings suggest that teachers perceive that principals should exhibit much more transformational leadership style and rational decision-making style but avoid laissez-faire leadership style and avoidant decision-making style.     

How far the apple falls from the tree: Intergenerational transmission of educational attainment in Indonesia

We use five waves of the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) to create unique father-son matched data of the male population (aged 25–53). Using this data, we investigate the evolution of intergenerational transmission of educational attainment in Indonesia over time, by ethnicities (six major ethnic groups), and by regions (twelve provinces). To estimate the persistence in education (measured as schooling years of the father as a predictor of schooling years of the son), we use coefficient of correlation and regression coefficient methods. Our results from the regression coefficient suggest that persistence in Indonesia is declined over time. Whereas, the results from the coefficient of correlation reveals no secular trend in education persistence over time. Thus, to understand the reason behind the secular trend in the correlation coefficient we decompose the correlation following Checchi and García-Peñalosa (2008). The decomposed intergenerational correlation shows that although the persistence is declined at the lower-end of fathers’ education distribution, it is increased at the top-end of the distribution. Therefore, we argue that the coefficient of correlation should be used with caution while analyzing the education policy particularly the persistence in education. Thereafter, we document the stationary distribution and find the conclusive evidence of non-convergence in educational attainment over time among both, ethnicities and regions.     

印尼华文教育政策的历史演变及其走向预测

本文以文献研究为主,结合作者多次前往印尼考察所获,研究了印尼政府华文教育政策的历史演变,并对其未来华文教育政策走向做出预测:(1)印尼政府会从发展经济、培养人才和促进民族和谐的高度看待华文教育及汉语教学;(2)印尼政府官员中及民间都存在着一定程度的限华、仇华意识,这是印尼华文教育的阻力,也是印尼华族危险仍在的根源;(3)印尼政府会把重点放在正规教育和培养印尼族汉语教师上,校外华文补习班、家庭补习和华人华文教师只是必要的补充;(4)印尼政府财力有限、人力有限,拟采取私企办学、有限度利用华人财力、人力的措施;(5)印尼政府会借助中国政府和中国高校的力量,优先培养正规学校的汉语师资。     

University reform and the development of social sciences in Indonesia

Much has been studied regarding university reforms and their impacts on scientific development worldwide. This paper aims to enrich current perspectives on university reform by developing a distinct concept of social science development in the context of the emergence of academic social sciences in Indonesia. Using a bibliometric method, this paper finds a significant increase in the volume of international scientific publications focusing on socio-economic and political issues. However, two issues that presently color the landscape of social scientific publications are the bifurcation of academic dependencies and limited extension of Western social theories. The future of the social sciences in Indonesia will be determined by interrelationships between the state, universities, and networks of academics who can address the former issue and ensure that academics publish in mainstream international journals emphasizing the prominence of the latter. In doing so, the social sciences will have the potential to improve future university teaching and engagement in public policymaking in Indonesia.     

The representation of colonial discourse in Indonesian secondary education history textbooks during and after the New Order (1975–2013)

This study aimed to analyse the text and context of history textbooks that established Dutch colonialism as a determinant factor in the New Order era and later. Two research questions were postulated: (1) Why was the discourse of colonisation maintained in textbooks after the proclamation of independence in 1945? (2) How was the colonial discourse represented in secondary education history textbooks from the six national curriculum reforms? To answer these questions, this study analysed secondary education history textbooks used during five periods of different national curricula from 1975 to 2013. The analysis was conducted using Teun A. van Dijk’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The results show that modern professional historians were the producers of the colonial discourse that was reproduced by the textbook writers. These historians established western culture as the ideal model of sociocultural life and constructed Indonesian history as a westernisation process using Dutch colonialism as a determinant factor. Indonesians were narrated into being passive objects.     

University Leaders’ Strategies in the Global Environment: A Comparative Study of Universitas Indonesia and the Australian National University

In a global environment in which global, national and local nodes relate freely within common networks, all research universities must pursue strategies for building global capacity and facilitating cross-border staff and student movement and research collaboration. The study compares readings of the global environment, global and international activities and relationships, and global capacity and strategy, in two leading national universities, one in a middle level developing country (Indonesia) and the other in a middle level developed country (Australia). The main tool of investigation was interviews with parallel groups of institutional leaders and leaders of academic units and research centres, in conjunction with study of the national and local contexts. It was apparent that in both cases, while global elements are increasingly important in university strategy, mission and identity, resource capacity remains highly dependant on national government and students. This belies the romantic myth of the ‘stand-alone’ corporate university in the global marketplace. The two cases also differ in some respects. While both universities are peak national institutions, and each respects the other, the Australian university is more strongly placed in the global environment and practical dealings between them are asymmetrical. The study helps to illuminate the dynamics of global stratification and hierarchy between developed and developing nations and institutions in higher education.