‘The fruit caught between two stones’: the conflicted position of teachers within Aceh's independence struggle†

ABSTRACT

This paper explores the challenging situation faced by teachers as professionals and members of the community in Aceh, Indonesia during the province's civil war. It reveals how teachers’ sense of agency during this period was deeply influenced by the economic/material, political and socio-cultural condition at that time – conditions and experiences which today have bearing on a place for teachers in the post-conflict peace-building process occurring in the province. During the conflict, teachers struggled to balance their strategic societal positioning – as civil servants and community members – and found themselves caught in the middle of a complex range of hegemonic and counter-hegemonic forces at play. This position of constraint, we argue, limited the ability of teachers to act as peace-builders during the conflict, and continues to influence teachers’ ability to function in such ways today.     

Part-time academics’ perception of their role and academic development: a case study from Indonesia

ABSTRACT

Employing part-time and casual academics is now a widely accepted practice in higher education globally. We explored the issue of the identity of part-time academics in Indonesian higher education through interviews with 14 part-time and 11 full-time academics. Both groups identified more strongly with their teaching roles than with other roles. However, they differed in their perceptions of opportunities to enact their chosen academic roles and of the kind of academic development they needed. The current standardised model of academic development needs to be rethought to offer more flexibility and to invite departments’ participation in the development of their academics.     

当前印尼华文师资瓶颈问题解决对策

本文在文献研究和实地调查的基础上分析了印尼华文师资现状和印尼华文师资存在的数量严重不足、水平偏低、职业化程度低、后继乏人的困境,并对解决制约印尼华文教育发展的瓶颈问题———华文师资问题提出了比较详细的对策。     

Education for multicultural citizens in Indonesia: policies and practices

Abstract

This paper examines how education in Indonesia can help create tolerant and multicultural citizens through the analysis of policies and practices. After the political shift in 1998, Indonesia issued education law No. 20 in 2003 which contains, though vague, a couple of articles that can underpin the development and implementation of multicultural education. This is a ‘spirit’ of multicultural education, which has been interpreted in subsequent regulations and decrees. In this paper, the author explores how these policies and school curricula have been translated into practices. The author conducted a series of ethnographic fieldwork in two provinces, Yogyakarta and Central Kalimantan, visiting six different schools: four religious (three Islamic and one Catholic), one state secular and one state vocational. The findings suggest that there were inconsistencies between policies and practices of multicultural education due to a lack of explicit policies and incapable education decision-makers and teachers.     

从赏析印尼游击战题材小说重构红色经典

五六十年代中印蜜月外交关系和频繁的文化交流使中国红色经典如《林海雪原》、《野火春风斗古城》、《红日》、《红岩》、《青春之歌》、《敌后武工队》等进入印尼市场,与印尼游击战题材小说《游击队之家》、《游击战的故事》、《战场情》和《苏迪尔曼将军脚下》唱起了时代的双簧戏。这时期中国和印尼受到地域性反帝反殖民主义思潮的影响,两国的文学作品都是政治与文艺的高度联姻,成为时代的标志,体现时代的脉搏,是现当代文学中较为特殊的文化现象。然而两国这时期游击战题材作品虽然处于相同时段,因处于不同空间而表现在价值观与世界观等方面的明显差异。论文通过比较上述作品掀开两国民族在共时的战争年代人生解读的一层面纱。     

Assessing large-scale violence against children surveys in selected Southeast Asian countries: A scoping review

Background: Violence against children (VAC) is a widespread, global issue with far-reaching social and economic consequences. In recent years, VAC has received substantial international attention, resulting in government initiatives to reduce VAC, in part, by strengthening data collection and information systems.Objective: This scoping review was undertaken to map survey methodologies for VAC measurement in Indonesia and other Southeast Asian countries and to identify key considerations for developing both methodologically sound and culturally appropriate VAC surveys in Indonesia and similar contexts.Methods: The authors conducted manual and automated searches in English and Bahasa Indonesia through PubMed, global databases, and websites, and consulted with partners from the government of Indonesia and the child protection field to identify surveys conducted from 2006 to 2016 in Indonesia and Southeast Asia. The search identified 275 records, of which 11 met all inclusion criteria.Results: The 11 surveys utilized a wide range of methodologies and employed inconsistent definitions, different age ranges for respondents, and different combinations of self-administered and face-to-face modes. A majority of the studies utilized household-based sampling, did not include a qualitative component, and used a tablet for data collection.Conclusion: In developing VAC surveys, researchers should consider which groups of children are excluded from the sampling frame; how qualitative data can be used to strengthen the validity of survey results; how to maximize privacy in face-to-face interviews; and whether self-administered modes are feasible and acceptable. Researchers should also ensure that the survey and research protocol undergo rigorous ethical review.     

试析印尼威权政治转型的特点

1998年5月苏哈托下台后,印尼进入了威权政治转型时期。从1998年5月迄今,哈比比、瓦希德、梅加瓦蒂和苏西洛都采取了一系列政治改革措施,致力于推动印尼的政治民主化进程。本文试图从六个方面——转型方式、推动力量、泛政治化、程序民主、军队和伊斯兰教来分析印尼威权政治转型的特点。     

A qualitative investigation of trainees＇ adjustment in Japan：A case study of trainees from Indonesia

In Japan, there is a residence status known as “the trainee”. This is the status for residents who undertake “activities to learn and acquire the technology, skills, or knowledge at public or private organizations in Japan”. With the introduction of the Industrial Training Program in 1993, trainees have been permitted to extend their stay in Japan for education and employment purposes up to a maximum of three years. This study aims to investigate the adjustment styles of trainees and to consider the changes in their attitudes toward Japan in the course of this adjustment. Six male Indonesian trainees （mean age=23.83） were invited to a semi-structured interview. They were employed at the same factory, involved in the manufacture of car components, and were trainees in their first-, second-, and third-years. The interview mainly focused on the trainees＇ Japanese language skills, the changes in their images of Japan or Japanese people, the communication between them and their Japanese colleagues, and the difficulties they encountered during their stay in Japan. The results revealed that there were clear differences between the first, second, and third trainees. As the trainees＇ Japanese language skills improved, their communication with the Japanese colleagues increased. Subsequently, they developed more positive images of Japan and Japanese people and hoped to have more informal communication with Japanese people.     

Photography and Chineseness: reflections on Chinese Muslims in Indonesia

This paper takes my previous photobook, Chinese Muslims in Indonesia (2007–09) as starting point. The paper firstly details the motivations, methodology and findings of the work. It then advances some of my thoughts on photography, with its attentive focus on the particular. Photography, or documenting (as method), frames a performative and experiential space for the sitter and the photographer to project their desires in this collaborative encounter. Here, I discuss the performative in relation both to the issue of reactivity in sociological fieldwork and the cultural turn in dakwah amongst some Chinese Muslim leaders in the post-Suharto era. The subjectivity of each encounter helps to visualise and complicate the notion of Chineseness amongst the Chinese Muslim communities in Indonesia.     

Listening across cultural and linguistic borders: learning from teaching in Banda Aceh,Indonesia after the tsunami

This article analyzes new modes of listening to teach developed out of work in Banda Aceh, Indonesia just after the tsunami of December 2004. I analyze how a framework for understanding pedagogy as integrally connected to listening led to strategies for working with teachers in Aceh. Finally, I raise questions about how and whether the concept of teaching as based on listening has meaning across cultural and linguistic borders. This work has implications for the work of U.S. educators traveling to developing countries and for rethinking teaching and teacher education in the United States. The work suggests the significance of learning to listen through hope, even immediately after a time of disaster.