印度尼西亚高等教育法人化改革研究

近20年来,印度尼西亚高等教育的发展愈来愈活跃。伴随着政治经济的转变,印尼高教采取了一系列新措施,其中最显著的一项举措是印尼政府对高等教育进行了法人化改革。阐释印尼高等教育法人化的演变过程,总结印尼高等教育法人化的经验,可以为其他国家高等教育的未来发展提供有益借鏊。     

Building a Network for Preserving Intangible Cultural Heritage through Education: A Study of Indonesian Batik

This study aims to discuss a strategy to preserve intangible cultural heritage in education and to deliberate on the batik network in Pekalongan, Indonesia. To investigate the network, this study adopted a framework based on the actor–network theory (ANT). The research data was obtained through observation, interviews and document analysis. Interviews were conducted with eight interviewees who are working professionals in batik. The study achieved the following results: 1. Cultural heritage education needs to connect with the needs of everyday life within the context of the current situation and the social environment. 2. A successful cultural heritage educational network must include the efforts of industry, government, schools, museums and research institutions so that everyone can derive maximum benefit from the network and achieve a sense of accomplishment. 3. Attentiveness to conscious cultural heritage contributes to the promotion of education. Batik knowledge is built by interactions between batik workers, batik, batik museums, school teachers, and workshops or classes, such as student work in schools.     

Schooling progress,learning reversal: Indonesia’s learning profiles between 2000 and 2014

We examine the relationship between schooling completed and mathematics learning from 2000 to 2014 by developing learning profiles for Indonesia. Using nearly-nationally representative survey data, we find a large gap between students’ ability and standards set by the national curriculum. Learning declined over 14 years, a loss of a fourth of a standard deviation. To put this loss in context, the average child in grade 7 in 2014 achieved the same numeracy mastery as the average child in grade 4 in 2000. The reduction in learning was widespread, affecting all subgroups. Junior and senior secondary enrollment increased over this timeframe, but this decline was not due to changes in student composition.     

Listening as translation: reflections on professional development work in a cross-cultural setting

As part of a campus-wide response by the University of Pennsylvania to the large-scale disaster caused by the earthquake and tsunami in South Asia, a team of teacher educators and graduate students worked with teachers, teacher educators, and administrators in Banda Aceh, Indonesia during July of 2005 and 2006. Working in Indonesia highlighted for us the inadequacy of literal translation; it also highlighted the related role of deep listening in teaching and learning. This article uses vignettes from workshops in Banda Aceh to illustrate how untranslated (and untranslatable) words, concepts, contexts, gestures and silences sometimes made it difficult to develop the relationships that are central to teaching. It also explores the interconnections between translation and listening, demonstrating how listening only to the literal meanings of words in a classroom limits a teacher’s ability to connect, to respond, and to engage students in thoughtful and meaningful learning.     

印尼西加里曼丹省发展华文教育的经验

印尼西加里曼丹省当前的华文教育呈良好发展势头.文章分析了西加省发展华文教育的几条主要经验:(1)当地华人社团、基金会等机构大力支持、推动;(2)成立华文教育协调机构,规划统筹华文教育发展事宜;(3)重视当地华文师资的培养,开辟多渠道、多层次、多形式的师资培养体系.在此基础上,文章探讨了西加省华文教育的发展对印尼华文教育工作的启示.     

The American influence in Indonesian teacher training, 1956–1964

This paper examines United States–Indonesian cooperation in the training of Indonesian teachers during the early decades of the Cold War. Indonesia badly needed teachers but the government’s efforts to train new teachers were hampered by the tremendous lack of teachers who could train new teachers. The aid provided by the United States enabled the Indonesian government to send its prospective teachers to study in the United States and to have American educationists help develop teachers’ colleges in Indonesia. How far did the decolonisation of teacher training and the making of a new education standard in postcolonial Indonesia reflect the conflicting ideological undertones and the US strategy of the Cold War? This paper argues that the US–Indonesian cooperation in teacher training marked a significant stage in the decolonisation of Indonesia. Yet, it also fostered the US cultural strategy of the Cold War in Southeast Asia.     

班基故事在东南亚

班基故事是继印度两大史诗《罗摩衍那》和《摩诃婆罗多》之后在印度尼西亚、马来西亚和东南亚其他一些国家流传最广和影响最大的一部古典文学作品。它的众多文本和广泛流传证明了它在相关国家文学史中的地位和作用。     

中国当代红色经典在印尼的传播和影响

无论对于中国，还是对于印尼，乃至对于整个世界而言，20世纪五六十年代都是一个历史上从未有过的革命年代。与特定的文化政治形态相关，这一时期，大量的中国当代文艺作品进入印尼的华侨华人社会，产生了深远的历史影响，塑造了一代侨民的文化与政治认同。现在，重新审视这一段被尘封的历史，将有助于我们对这个激情燃烧的岁月的重新理解和认知。其中的政治与文学的重新理解，能够帮助我们了解这一段不平凡的历史。尤其是在中国大陆的当代文学研究中，50-70年代的红色经典通常被解读为政治、制度与权力的产物，但这些作品在政治条件完全不同的印尼华人华侨中的传播，却为我们重新理解这些红色经典的价值提供了新的维度。     

Changes in cultural representations on Indonesian children's television from the 1980s to the 2000s

This study describes the changes over time in the portrayal of socio-cultural characteristics; namely gender, age, ethnicity, religious outlook, family unit, violence experienced, living conditions, and cultural values in Indonesian children's television programs. Using systematic-quantitative content analysis of popular locally produced Indonesian children's television programs in the 1980s and the 2000s, this study found that all socio-cultural characteristics changed over time, except for gender representation with male actors consistently outnumbering female actors. There were some predominant socio-cultural characteristics in the 1980s, the era of authoritarian broadcasting system in Indonesia: most of the major characters were children and preteens, from Western Indonesia, not showing religious symbols or practices, having more than one sibling, and the majority of the adult characters were married. In the 2000s, the era of liberal broadcasting system, major characters were children and teens, showing certain religious symbols, having no or only one sibling, and the majority of the adult characters were single. Indonesian children's television brought certain cultural values to the fore for their young audiences to identify themselves with: self-direction and benevolence.     

转型期的阵痛：论印尼的政治民主化进程

在印尼,权威政治体系终结了,但是,真正民主的政治体系尚未建立起来,推行民主的各种条件也还不成熟,目前的印尼正处于一个过渡时期。由于许多条件的限制,印尼恐怕在短期内很难顺利完成过渡,建立起真正的民主制度。印尼目前正在进行一系列政治经济改革,但这些改革能否真正取得成效,还要看今后的实践。总的来说,印尼人民还没有做好推行民主的思想准备,他们可能还要长期承受政治经济转型带来的阵痛。