If all you have is a hammer,everything begins to look like a nail – how wicked is the problem of measuring productivity in higher education?

This paper addresses the wicked problem of measuring the productivity of learning and teaching in higher education. We show how fundamental validity issues and difficulties identified in educational productivity research point to the need for a qualitatively different framework when considering the entire question. We describe the work that needs to be done to reshape the way learning and teaching productivity is determined and show what a university needs to know and do about its approach to learning and teaching in order to understand quality and productivity. We also examine whether educational work is in fact ‘wicked’, as has been supposed. The concept of an Emergent Feedback Organization (EFO) is introduced along with the six things an organization needs to do to become an EFO capable of making a valid and reliable determination of productivity.     

委托人—代理人理论与外贸代理制研究

随着我国社会主义市场经济体制逐渐完善，我国的外贸代理制必须由中国式风险代理制的向佣金代理制或行纪制转变。本文从信息经济学中的委托人－代理人理论角度出发，论述了外贸代理制的外部局部条件，同时针对我国外贸代理制的形式选择及其代理方式的转变，提出了几项具体的政策建议。     

印尼、韩国留学生汉语单元音韵母发音分析

本文采用实验的方法,对印尼、韩国留学生汉语单元音韵母的发音情况作了分析。印尼留学生的发音偏误主要来自印尼语的负迁移影响,而韩国留学生的偏误主要表现为发音不到位。两国留学生汉语单元音的发音有很多相同之处,例如i、u、l 的舌位偏低,u的舌位偏前,l的舌位偏低偏后等。中介语元音往往具有“趋中”倾向。     

Reflexivity,structure and agency: using reflexivity to understand Further Education students’ Higher Education decision-making and choices

The purpose of this paper is to critically evaluate Archer’s reflexive modalities in relation to Further Education (FE) students’ higher education (HE) decision-making and choices. To do this, it draws on data from a qualitative, longitudinal narrative inquiry that explored how socioeconomically under-represented FE students made their HE decisions and choices. On a conceptual level, the research aimed to identify whether participants’ HE decisions and choices were individualised or mediated by structure. Margaret Archer’s reflexive modes were adapted to understand, first, how young people made their educational choices and decisions and, second, what role agency and structure played in this process. How participants’ different reflexive modes were interpreted and how this facilitated more intricate understandings of how agency is exerted in the face of structural constraints are discussed. Yet, this paper also critically reflects on and questions the explanatory power of Archer’s work in the context of this research.     

Stretching performances in education: the impact of gay parenting and activism on identity and school change

This paper features one gay parent activist in the complex social milieu of his child’s school and his community, his actions meeting both resistance and concurrence as a larger movement operated locally and nationally to make schooling more accepting of and acceptable to gays and lesbians. The paper traces this man’s parenting processes and their effect on the schooling of many children, not only his own, and then contrasts his voice with the reluctant, often denying, and finally acquiescent voices of school people. The narrative captures the essence of cultural and identity change as well as individual and institutional processes. Turning to theory, I use postmodern dilemmas to define the episodic movements of the groups and the multipositionality of the individuals involved. Agency, social roles, and collaborative and individual activity illuminate the agenda of social groups effectively working with and through this parent to meet political goals for students.     

旅行社售后服务管理分析

文章分析了高速发展的旅游市场下旅行社售后服务管理的缺失,简述了旅行社售后服务管理的必要性,最后提出了旅行社售后服务管理的管理措施与方法。     

Anti-communist films sponsored by the US government in Singapore and Malaya: on the New York Sound Masters Inc.

This article examines anti-Communist films made by Hollywood in Cantonese and Malay in Singapore and Malaya in the Cold War context of the “Campaign of Truth.” In the early 1950s, the United State Information Agency, an arm of the State Department, secretly commissioned and funded New York Sound Masters Inc. to produce and shoot several anti-Communist films in Singapore and Malaya. In 1953, cinemas across Malaya and Singapore screened Singapore Story and Kampong Sentosa, two Cold War products of the “Campaign of Truth.” In addition to analysing the ideology of these films, this article also combines declassified archive material from the US and Singaporean National Archives with primary materials from UK, US, Singaporean, and Malayan periodicals from the Cold War era in order to explore how these two films use Malay and Cantonese to narrate a Hollywood’s version of the Singaporean story. As these two films have been largely passed over in scholarship and the films and archives have not been regularly accessible, records of these films are absent from histories of film and television in the US, Singapore, and Malaya. This article aims to remedy this absence.     

三大机构与大公国际主权信用评级比较与启示

三大机构的评级很大程度是站在发达国家立场,所采用的评级方法也过于陈旧,其在主权信用评级市场的垄断地位理应破除.2010年,大公国际首次公布了对50个国家的信用评级,试图打破三大评级机构的垄断及其固有评级模式,建立一套新型的评级体系.大公国际进行主权信用评级的指导思想与三大评级机构不同,核心评价指标也存在很大差异,评价结果也有明显不同:对政治稳定、经济表现优秀及前景良好的新兴市场国家的评级高于三大机构,而对一些经济发展缓慢、债务负担日益沉重的发达国家的评级则明显低于三大机构.这反映了大公国际与三大机构评级理念的根本差异:不以意识形态和政治经济体制作为划分标准,更注重一国经济发展的前景.     

Same-sex intimacies in Syariffudin's Mairil and the queering of authenticity

ABSTRACT

The rise in LGBT-themed novels in Indonesia over the last decade demonstrates the sea-change in social attitudes and the public presence of sexual and gender minorities in Indonesia. The genre emerges from the popularity of sexually-charged novels by female authors such as Ayu Utami and Djenar Maesa Ayu. However, many novels were criticised for the supposed westernisation of Indonesian culture that threatens the national identity and moral disposition of its readers. This article explores the underlying themes of these criticisms—nationhood, cultural authenticity, and morality—and juxtaposes them with the claims of cultural authenticity and legitimacy made by gay and lesbi Indonesians. Representations of “traditional” homoeroticisms in the novel Mairil by Syarifuddin bring these lines of arguments together and synthesise a discursive space where cultural and national authenticities are “queered.” It is my contention that religious and traditional elements that foster same-sex practices offer a key to queer legitimacy for Indonesian sexual minorities.     

Moderating effects of business-systems corruption on corruption in basic national institutions and electronic government maturity: Insights from a dynamic panel data analysis

Corruption has emerged as a well-debated subject against the backdrop of electronic government (e-government). While e-government has attained a level of sophistication in leading countries, there are countries for which going digital remains comparatively new on their national schedules. Their struggle and lag in reaching maturity in e-government can be attributed to corruption, which is an infamous issue prevalent across the globe and argued to impede technological innovation. Despite such a possibility, there is a paucity of research examining the “corruption–e-government” linkage. This study, hence, adopts the institutional perspective for conceptualizing corruption and seeks to understand the relationship of corruption in basic national institutions and national stakeholder service systems with e-government maturity. Specifically, by grounding the discussion on the agency theory, the rent-seeking theory, and the perspective of institutions as structures of cooperation and power, this study analyses the moderating influence of corruption in a national stakeholder service system (i.e., business systems) on the relationship of corruption in three basic national institutions (i.e., political, legal, and media) with e-government maturity in a country. The hypothesized relationships are empirically validated using a panel data of 94 countries, and the findings confirm that political corruption, legal corruption, and business-systems corruption in a country play vital roles in influencing its e-government maturity. Implications of our results to research and practice are discussed.