新制度经济学视域下高校科技成果转化的制约因素与对策

促进高校科技成果转化,创新产学研合作模式,是新形势下高校实现自身内涵建设的迫切需要。教师的应用性研究动力不足,高校部分科技成果与市场和企业需求脱节、中试环节薄弱以及科技成果从实验室向现实生产力转化的中介乏力等因素,严重制约着高校科技成果的顺利转化。从新制度经济学视域出发,应从降低交易成本、提高个人收益率和建立有效的风险投资机制等方面采取措施,促进高校科技成果向现实生产力进行转化。     

高考制度变迁的多重逻辑与启示

高考制度自1977年恢复以来一直处于持续变革的状态。在一次次的改革中,始终存在着多方利益相关者,他们共同表达了多重利益诉求。不同的利益诉求背后蕴藏着不同的实践逻辑,多重逻辑相互交织,共同作用于高考变革的实践。高考制度变迁是利益博弈的逻辑、权力转变的逻辑等"外铄性"力量与坚守公平的自身逻辑等"内生性"力量相互作用下的变化过程。     

The Effects of Mass Media Use and Social Capital on Civic and Political Participation

More recently, many scholars have lamented the decline of social capital, civic and political participation in American society. This study attempts to clarify the concept of social capital and its major components. We differentiate two dimensions of social capital: trust and social connectedness. In addition, we investigate the differential effects of a full range of media use on civic and political participation.

Analysis of data from a telephone survey in Clarksville, Tennessee in 2002 showed that people's social connectedness enhances both civic and political participation. Time spent in reading newspaper and watching public affairs on television was positively correlated with political participation whereas frequency of Internet use and entertainment TV viewing was not. The results also showed no correlation between media use and civic participation. Implications of the findings for future research on democratic citizenship were discussed.     

What Slavic Scholars Need to Know about Archiving Digital Materials in Institutional Repositories

ABSTRACT. Institutional repositories (IRs) provide storage and access to digitally produced scholarship. In order to improve storage and access to these materials, it is important for the creators to describe the contents adequately. Following generally accepted best practices in terms of file formats is encouraged, as is providing basic metadata about the content of the items. Some of the benefits of utilizing IRs include the provision of unique identifiers for digital projects and files, institutional commitment to preserving the files, and increased access through metadata protocols. Collaboration between creators and librarians is encouraged to ensure that standards are followed when appropriate, and that metadata is of the highest quality to ensure good preservation and access to the content.     

Not Left by the Wayside

Abstract

The article presents a case study of the establishment of a library in the Wayside Home School for Girls in Valley Stream, New York, in 1993. Wayside and the services it provides for troubled adolescent girls are described, and the need for the library is explained. The steps taken by librarians from the Nassau County Library Association in setting up the library are detailed. These include the initial planning, funding, collection development, cataloging of the collection, and staffing of the library. The Wayside Library provides not only recreational reading for the girls, but it also supports the school curriculum. The Wayside girls' use of the library and its effect upon their lives arc described. Lastly, related literature on juvenile detention center libraries is annotated.     

Institutional Pedagogy and Semiosis: Investigating the missing link between Peirce's semiotics and effective semiotics

My aim in this paper is to show the relevance of an ‘effective semiotics’; that is, a field study based upon Peirce's semiotics. The general context of this investigation is educational semiotics rather than semiotics of teaching: I am concerned with a general approach of educational processes, not with skills and curricula. My paper is grounded in a field study that I carried out in a school, L'Ecole de la Neuville, implementing Institutional Pedagogy in France. I first investigate the relevance of Peirce's semiotics in such a context. I then propose several definitions for the word ‘institution’, referring to the core concepts of this particular pedagogy, before describing the concept of ‘institution‐sign’, which is considered a useful tool for making effective connections between several aspects of semiotics. I finally assert that an institution constitutes a tool that allows teachers to favour semiosis in educational contexts.     

中国科学院联合机构仓储系统的开发与建设*

对中国科学院联合机构仓储系统的建设思路和实施过程中遇到的主要问题进行讨论,包括如何选择合适的机构进行试点和示范,以推动机构仓储的实施;如何进行中文机构仓储软件系统的定制和扩展开发;如何集成现有系统和组织机构仓储服务;如何建立联合仓储系统等。     

Intellectual capital or signal? The effects of scientists on alliance formation in knowledge-intensive industries

Hiring employees with advanced education, training, and experience has been a prevalent human resource practice in dynamic science-based industries, and a growing body of literature has demonstrated the importance of scientists in such fields. Little research has attempted to distinguish the functional from the symbolic roles of scientists, however. We develop an integrative theoretical framework to separate the productive and legitimating effects of scientists on strategic alliance formation of firms. Results from a longitudinal analysis of more than 300 U.S. biotechnology firms between 1988 and 1999 suggest a positive relationship between ratio of scientists and R&D alliance partners as well as a positive relationship with finance alliance partners. Scientists influence partner attraction more strongly for firms that are less-well-connected, and they become less prominent in fostering finance ties as the industry practice of partnership becomes more institutionalized. We conclude that scientists serve more than just a research function in knowledge-intensive industries. Implications for building interorganizational networks and managing human resources in such industries are discussed.     

机构仓储的前景预测

简要介绍机构仓储的概念及相关软件的应用比例。在分析机构仓储的研究现状及应用的基础上,采用图论、完全信息博弈原理和KMRW定理等运筹学理论的综合分析方法,对研究人员运用机构仓储获取知识的总体效益成本、信息化条件下科研机构之间通过机构仓储相互学习的均衡区间和机构仓储为其科研机构带来声望等方面进行综合分析,指出机构仓储具有良好的发展前景,并论证创建机构仓储的重要意义。     

Institutionalizing end-user demand steering in agricultural R&D: Farmer levy funding of R&D in The Netherlands

The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the institutionalization of demand-driven modes of working in the R&D planning process and reveal possible weaknesses, through an analysis of a system of collective R&D funding by farmers. The findings indicate that, although end-users have the opportunity to raise issues that lead to R&D, queries are influenced by several actors in the R&D planning process in such a way that they do not adequately reflect farmers’ innovation needs. Conclusions are that more emphasis is required on joint demand articulation and involvement of end-users and other stakeholders in the innovation process, and on the institutional development of R&D funding organizations in order to adopt a more inclusive view on innovation.