我国机构库建设的主要问题探析

文章分析机构库的特点,并探讨国内机构库建设存在的主要问题和发展策略。     

国外数据管护(Data Curation)研究与实践进展

数据管护(Data curation)可以促进科学数据共享,提高科学研究的质量。随着e'science的发展,数据管护正在引起科学家、大学与研究机构以及图书馆、档案馆等信息资源管理机构的重视。本文在总结已有成果的基础上,提出一个细化的数据管护生命周期概念模型,包括六个阶段14个关键活动。以此为分析框架,对国外数据管护的研究、实践与教育进展进行全面梳理。研究发现:目前欧美国家在数据管护的投资立项、软件系统开发、新技术应用、数据质量评价以及教育与培训等方面取得了一定的进展,值得借鉴;同时也存在一些问题,如管护模型缺乏质量控制措施,大学与科研机构忽视数据政策的制定,人文学科与“小”学科对数据管护的认知不足,以及专业教育和职业培训严重欠缺等。图1。参考文献68。     

大学学术仓储建设及其版权问题研究

分析大学建设学术仓储的意义和优势,并剖析大学学术仓储的版权主体、版权客体和版权风险,指出目前大学学术仓储建设面临的瓶颈问题是版权问题,最后探讨了如何管理大学学术仓储的版权.参考文献9.     

Factors affecting the speed of free writing

Factors affecting the free writing speed of 11‐year‐old students were investigated using the Group and Individual Assessment of Handwriting Speed. Intelligence, gender, legibility and whether the student has special educational needs or speaks English as an additional language were all found to impact on writing speed to a significant extent. In one of the two schools studied, the students wrote significantly faster than the students in the other school. This ‘teacher effect’ was found to be independent of the other significant factors examined in the study and was attributed largely to instructional differences between schools and teachers. The average writing speed was 36% lower than published norms for this test, implying that 70.2% of the students would be eligible for extra time in examinations and raising doubts regarding the validity of these norms. It was concluded that vulnerability to teacher effects and other factors makes free writing an unreliable method of measuring writing speed, especially when group administered, and calls into question its use to justify the provision of examination access arrangements or accommodations.     

终身学习“立交桥”：地方高校继续教育体制机制的设计与重构

生长于专业教育办学模式基础上的地方高校继续教育,其各类教育培训项目处于条块分隔、自成体系的状态,这种体制机制既不能适应继续教育发展的需要,也不符合构建终身教育体系的要求.为此,地方高校继续教育必须进一步明确自己的定位,积极推进各级各类教育纵向衔接、横向沟通,参与搭建终身学习“立交桥”,建设开放式的继续教育服务平台,以满足社会成员多样化学习发展的需要.     

Dangerous liaisons: Reflections on a pilot project for state-mandated outcomes assessment of written communication

This study details the development and results of a campus-based writing assessment plan that was mandated by a state-wide university system in order to explore the “value-added” from a writing program curriculum to undergraduate students’ competence with written expression. Four writing samples (two timed essays and two conventional essays) that are produced before, during and at the close of enrollment in the writing program are scored for critical thinking, genre knowledge, rhetorical skills, and mechanics. The results indicate that local campus student achievement related to writing is comparable with performance captured by nationally normed technologies and larger assessment projects at similar state universities. The data also suggest significant performance difference related to the institutional position of students’ instructors as well as students’ own enrollment status. The article concludes that while the data produced by this research project are compelling, the policy and political implications of the undertaking suggest greater sensitivity to the institution's culture and program direction as well as its impact on instructor morale, student learning environment and the place of composition studies in the university.     

武松与桑地亚哥的文本层次比较

武松与桑地亚哥分别是东西方硬汉英雄人物中的典型代表。由于所处社会历史文化背景的不同,他们的硬汉形象及“硬汉精神”同异之处共存。从作品文本层次中的文学话语层面、文学形象层面以及文学意蕴层面比较这些异同,有利于深入了解中美社会文化等各方面的异同,促进东西方文化的交流与融合。     

“文革”记忆影片的叙事空间与叙事策略

20世纪80年代至90年代,电影人在一个相对集中的时期内对“文革”作了一次集体的记忆。这批电影也就成了人们了解“文革”的影像作品。在这些电影里,“文革”已变成人们记忆中的一段故事。本文分析这类影片的叙事空间与叙事策略,并探讨其选择这种空间与策略的原因。     

幼儿入园前教育形式的现实困境及创新策略

目前,幼儿入园前教育形式主要有三种:家庭教育、机构教育和社区教育。但现实困境是,很多家庭的幼儿入园前未能较好地接受到任何一种形式的教育。对此,有一些可行的创新策略,分别为成立“社区活动小组”、邀请早教机构送教入小区、利用互联网共享优秀教育活动、依托附近幼儿园资源不定期举办亲子活动、社区提供亲子活动空间和人力参与互动等。     

Environmental jolts, institutional change, and the creation of entrepreneurial opportunity in the US electric power industry

The relationship between institutional change and entrepreneurship is poorly understood. We build the theory in this area by tracing institutional change in the US electric power industry over a 40-year period. Our analysis shows that environmental jolts mobilize actors to reformulate institutions, resulting in increased entrepreneurial opportunity. When the institutional environment is stable, we find that incumbent organizational forms and embedded logics present formidable obstacles to entrepreneurial activity. Environmental jolts, however, catalyze search processes and motivate the evaluation of current institutional logics. Specifically, in the case of the electric power industry, environments of abundance and regulation resulted in homogeneity of organizational structures and strategies, and few entrepreneurial opportunities. Environments marked by scarcity and crisis, however, witnessed heavy scrutiny of existing institutional arrangements that eroded their taken-for-grantedness and symbolic value, resulting in opportunities for entrepreneurial action.