试论马克思与新制度经济学在雇佣契约理论上的分歧——兼评学术界对《劳动合同法》的两种看法

《劳动合同法》出台后,引发了学术界的广泛讨论,并形成了尖锐对立的两派：“企业保护论”派与“劳动保护论”派。两派的观点都有现实的针对性和立论依据,其理论依据分别是新制度经济学的契约理论和马克思的雇佣契约理论。因此,只有通过对马克思与新制度经济学雇佣契约理论的比较,才能比较辩证地认识《劳动合同法》。     

跨国公司在华直接投资的地理空间集聚:总体特征与演化趋势分析

本文对改革开放以来跨国公司在华直接投资的地理空间集聚演化趋势进行了分析。从中可以看出两个明显的变化趋势:从宏观层面看,长期以来对于外商直接投资具有重要影响的主导性因素,已经从单纯以优惠政策为主的制度变革效应转向了一种更为综合的"制度性聚集经济"效应;从微观层面看,未来跨国公司在华投资战略导向将逐渐从零散化阶段转向以集群化、全球生产网络互动过程为主导的战略运作整合阶段。     

Institutional frameworks and innovation in the German and UK pharmaceutical industry

This paper analyzes how governance structures impact the innovation capabilities of leading German and UK firms in the pharmaceutical industry. Our main objective is to show how variation in national institutional frameworks influences the innovation process, and thus, relative performance. There are two main conclusions. First, the corporate governance structure allowed leading UK firms to more quickly adapt than German firms to rapidly changing external environmental conditions in the global pharmaceutical industry. Secondly, leading UK firms have an advantage in generating innovative drugs (“blockbusters”) than do German firms due to the nature of the institutional framework in which they are embedded.     

高管政治关联和企业创新投入

创新是企业获得竞争优势并在市场竞争中立于不败之地的重要源泉，但是由于市场制度的不完善，中国企业常常借助政治关联而非技术创新来开拓市场。在制度基础观的分析框架下，本文以2009-2016期间在深圳、香港和美国创业板市场上市的中国制造业企业为样本，利用HECKMAN两阶段模型和混合截面层次回归方法实证检验了高管政治关联对企业创新投入的影响，并考察了企业境外上市、中央强力反腐败斗争和行业管理决断权的调节作用。本文结果显示：（1）高管政治关联与企业创新投入之间存在显著的负相关关系；（2）相比境外上市企业，境内上市企业的高管政治关联与企业创新投入的负相关关系更显著；（3）当企业所在的行业管理决断权较高时，高管政治关联与企业创新投入的负相关关系更显著；（4）对非国有企业而言，中央开展大力反腐败斗争后，高管政治关联与企业创新投入之间的负相关关系明显增强。研究结论拓展了高管政治关联和企业创新投入的实证研究，深化了制度基础观在中国情境下的应用，具备重要的实践意义。     

Mini skirts and headscarves: undergraduate student perceptions of secularism in Turkish higher education

This article is based on a qualitative study that examines the perceptions of advanced undergraduate students in five Turkish state universities regarding their understanding of the concept of secularism and its manifestation within the higher education sector. The study further illuminates these students’ perspectives of how the university may change in relation to their understanding of secularism. This inquiry was guided by four central questions posed to the students: (1) what is your understanding of the concept of secularism?; (2) how does secularism manifest within universities in Turkey and your institution in particular?; (3) are there aspects of your university you would like to see change as a result of secularism?; and (4) in what ways has your identity influenced your academic decisions?     

建立诚信社会应有制度性的奖惩安排

诚信不仅是一种美德,而且是做人、做事的基本要求,良好的社会应该是人与人之间相互信任的诚信社会。为了形成诚信文化社会应该对不诚实行为进行惩罚,且这种惩罚应该有一种制度性的安排,在这种安排中政府的诚信是关键。     

Factors Affecting Performance of Agricultural Extension: Evidence from Democratic Republic of Congo

Purpose: As part of the institutional reforms and agricultural restructuring in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), this paper provides an assessment of the performance of the agricultural extension system as well as factors explaining it.

Method: This paper involves key informants’ interviews and surveys of 107 extension organizations and 162 extension agents in randomly selected 156 villages, analyzed using qualitative and logistic regression methods.

Findings and Practical Implications: Results show that despite having one of the highest extension agent-to-farmer ratio and a pluralistic extension system, DRC fails to deliver knowledge and technologies to rural areas due to lack of coordination, no unified and clear policy and mandate, lack of funding, aging and low competencies of agents, and lack of mobility and interactions of agents with key actors. This paper complements findings by other studies that number of agents is not a sufficient indication of performance, but an effective system needs to focus on the enabling environment for agents to be motivated to work as mandated. In this paper, enabling conditions that are found to be statistically significant are external funding, enforcement of performance targets, systems of rewards and sanctions, mobility to foster linkages, and skills development.

Originality: This paper contributes by: (1) analyzing a cross-section of various organizations and agents to identify factors that explain variations in performance in a statistical and systematic approach; (2) providing insights on how to prioritize investments and options for a fragile state like DRC, with weak infrastructure and institutional capacity and with a long history of neglect for their national extension system; and (3) illustrating how a rich and well-cited conceptual framework can be implemented empirically to provide policy options for a country like DRC.     

黄河应急调水经济补偿制度初探

由于水资源日益紧张,实施应急水量调度已成为解决缺水地区水资源危机的常见手段.本文以黄河流域的应急调水为研究对象,分析了在产生正面效益的同时,应急调水也给上游造成发电、灌溉、生态等方面的损失.应急调水改变了正常的水资源分配秩序,使黄河水权制度处于不稳定的状态,从而影响水资源配置的公平性和高效性.需要建立合理的应急调水经济补偿制度来解决各方的矛盾冲突,消除调水的不利影响.本文建立了调水补偿制度的制度框架,对补偿制度的关键问题-补偿量的核算方式进行了研究,建立了水电站发电损失核算模型和灌区灌溉损失核算模型,进行了实例计算.目的是通过制度创新的方式推动黄河水资源的优化配置,为我国其他流域以及跨流域的水资源配置提供借鉴.     

事业单位职业压力与身心健康的研究与分析

采用逻辑分析法、问卷法、访谈法等,调查并分析员工的职业压力和身心健康现况,以及两者之间的相关关系,并由此认为:事业单位职业压力的存在及其对身心健康的消极影响具有普遍性;职业压力大小与员工身心健康水平呈显著正相关.     

晋陕豫黄河金三角经济发展的区域后发优势分析

改革开放后,尤其是近十年来,晋陕豫黄河金三角经济快速发展,其成长潜力和发展趋势具有很大的区域后发优势。该区域在经济发展中主要面临人均GDP、城镇居民人均可支配收入、农民人均纯收入偏低以及产业结构不合理等后发劣势,但同时也具有资源丰富、交通发达和人力资源成本低等明显的后发优势。为充分发挥区域后发优势,促进黄河金三角经济快速发展,提出了积极争取国家政策支持、促进制度创新和技术创新、构建合理的区域产业分工体系等对策。