学习实践科学发展观 健全完善体制机制 推动现代林业又好又快发展——中共国家林业局党校第三十三期党员领导干部进修班赴江西省教学考察报告

2008年11月21—29日,中共国家林业局党校第33期党员领导干部进修班全体学员赴江西省开展了教学考察和林业工作调研。这次教学考察和林业工作调研的收获和体会包括抓住学习实践科学发展观的机遇,着力推动林业再上新台阶;坚持弘扬江西林改精神,着力推进集体林权制度改革进程;贯彻落实十七届三中全会精神,着力完善集体林权制度改革政策措施等六个方面。     

Contact hours in Dutch and Vietnamese higher education: a comparison

The number of contact hours, one of the important institutional context factors, was examined and compared between Dutch and Vietnamese higher education at institute and student levels in Psychology and Business and/or Economics specializations. The quantity of contact hours per credit point given by institutions was investigated in a number of Dutch and Vietnamese universities. Additionally, 104 students in Groningen, the Netherlands, and 140 students in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, participated in the survey with a self-reported and self-assessed questionnaire on their study time allocation. Beside contact hours, other learning process related factors such as study activities, motivation, quality of instruction, and generic skills were examined to provide a better insight into these two systems. Results showed that Vietnamese students had significantly higher number of contact hours than Dutch students while their generic skills, motivation and time spent on independent study were a lot lower.     

The geography of access and excellence: spatial diversity in higher education system design

In a “settler society” such as Canada, inequalities in higher education have geo-political dimensions, necessitating a theoretical framework that considers the geographic distribution of material wealth and power. This paper explores both the economic and social implications of the geographical distribution of the higher education system in British Columbia, Canada, including the ways in which stratification by institutional type may reinforce spatial inequalities. The study shows that system expansion has not improved regional representation, which has socio-economic implications.

基于三阶段DEA模型的国家中心城市制造企业创新效率研究

国家中心城市是各地区创新生产的排头兵,其创新生产的效果直接影响地区的技术创新和经济发展。本文采用数据包络分析（DEA）方法,从投入与产出角度对2012-2015年间国家中心城市72家制造企业创新活动进行了评价与分析。在环境因素选取上,将制度环境对制造企业创新效率的影响纳入分析中。结果表明：国家中心城市制造企业创新综合效率总体偏低,不同城市的企业创新效率差异较大,制度环境对中心城市制造企业的创新效率有显著影响,可以通过改善制度环境来提高其创新效率。     

Scientific misconduct at an elite medical institute: The role of competing institutional logics and fragmented control

The incidence of revealed fraud and dishonesty in academia is on the rise, and so is the number of studies seeking to explain scientific misconduct. This paper builds on the concepts of competing logics and institutional fields to analyze a serious case of medical and scientific misconduct at a leading research institute, Karolinska in Sweden, home to the Nobel Prize in Medicine.By distinguishing between a market-oriented, a medical and an academic logic, the study analyzes how various actors ? executives, research leaders, co-authors, journal editors, medical doctors, science bloggers, investigative journalists and documentary filmmakers ? sustained or tried to expose the misconduct. Despite repeated warnings from patient-responsible doctors and external academic reviewers, Karolinska protected the surgeon, Paolo Macchiarini, until a documentary film at the Swedish national public TV exposed the fraud which led to public inquiries and proposals for a new national ethics legislation.The analysis illustrates the power of a market-oriented logic focused on brand and image at the research institute and at a leading journal, but also the perseverance of the logics of scientific scrutiny and medical care among practicing doctors and independent academics although the carriers of these logics were less well organized than the carriers of the market-oriented logic. Furthermore, the analysis shows the problem of fragmented control in the academic institutional field. The discussion of remedies compares the Karolinska case, where media actors were instrumental in sanctioning the perpetrators, with a similar instance of medical misconduct at Duke in the US where the government agency (ORI) intervened and shows the limitations of both types of actors. The conclusion highlights the importance of studying misconduct management and institution-building in different fields to develop effective remedies.     

Adopters build bridges: Changing the institutional logic for more sustainable cities. From action to workset to practice

The aim of this article is to develop a model of change in urban context to map key steps towards changing an institutional logic: How can new ideas that aim at changing the dominant logic become practice in a city? To this end, the article explores the innovation process of institutions, thereby bringing together areas of research on institutional entrepreneurship, innovation processes, and transformation. Our model interlinks invention, innovation and adoption of new institutions to achieve a new institutional logic for more sustainable development in a city. We introduce ‘workset’ as an interim step between action and practice and identify local adopters as key for diffusion. We illustrate our framework using a case study of urban institutional entrepreneurship in the socio-economic system of a German city. Our findings indicate that the roles of local institutional entrepreneurs and local adopters partly overlap, that worksets are crucial for broader diffusion of new institutions, and that a robust design supports the adoption of the institutional innovation.     

开放获取运动对科技期刊业影响的探讨

开放获取运动已经成为改变科技期刊产业格局的一个重要力量。这种力量伴随着相应政策架构的建立和版权障碍的排除,以及开放获取出版商业模式的逐步成熟,对科技期刊业的影响开始显现。这种影响更多地体现在对科技期刊业内部结构的调整上。它促进了科技期刊业内不同商业模式（订购模式和用户付费模式）的竞争和重新定位。开放获取运动对科技期刊产业结构的影响对我国科技期刊业的发展有重要启示。开放获取作为一个重要力量,将有助于中国科技期刊业打破国际商业科技期刊出版集团对高水平科技期刊的垄断。     

制度伦理：构建图书馆员与读者和谐关系的新视角

文章从制度伦理的内涵入手,分析了图书馆规章翩度在制定和执行过程中的伦理缺失,进一步指出图书馆员与读者和谐关系的构建有赖于制度变革与伦理重建。     

Child abuse and neglect in institutional settings,cumulative lifetime traumatization,and psychopathological long-term correlates in adult survivors: The Vienna Institutional Abuse Study

Child maltreatment (CM) in foster care settings (i.e., institutional abuse, IA) is known to have negative effects on adult survivor’s mental health. This study examines and compares the extent of CM (physical, emotional, and sexual abuse; physical and emotional neglect) and lifetime traumatization with regard to current adult mental health in a group of survivors of IA and a comparison group from the community. Participants in the foster care group (n = 220) were adult survivors of IA in Viennese foster care institutions, the comparison group (n = 234) consisted of persons from the Viennese population. The comparison group included persons who were exposed to CM within their families. Participants completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Life Events Checklist for DSM-5, the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, the International Trauma Questionnaire for ICD-11, and the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 and completed a structured clinical interview. Participants in the foster care group showed higher scores in all types of CM than the comparison group and 57.7% reported exposure to all types of CM. The foster care group had significantly higher prevalence rates in almost all mental disorders including personality disorders and suffered from higher symptom distress in all dimensional measures of psychopathology including depression, anxiety, somatization, dissociation, and the symptom dimensions of PTSD. In both groups, adult life events and some but not all forms of CM predicted PTSD and adult life events partly mediated the association of PTSD and CM. Explanations for the severe consequences of CM and IA are discussed.     

基于机构仓储的自存储政策述评

针对研究者自存储到机构仓储意愿低的问题,介绍研究者所属机构、研究出资方和出版商制定的自存储政策,分析政策三方尊重、协商与合作的关系。总结自存储政策制定应该注意的问题,包括：自存储政策的强与弱问题;存储位置唯一问题;存储与出版的关系问题;版权问题;存储与开放的时间问题等。