机构知识库:数字科研时代一种新的学术交流与知识共享方式

机构知识库是一个机构中员工的所有智力产品的汇聚，它是对传统的以正式出版物为主的学术交流体系的补充。本文概述了机构知识库的含义和特点，重点分析了数字科研环境下机构知识库对学术交流和知识共享的作用，探讨了数字科研环境下机构知识库的构建并介绍了目前一些典型的构建工具。     

农村剩余劳动力转移的制度性障碍分析

本文对阻碍农村剩余劳动力转移的制度性障碍及其形成和固化的原因进行了深层次的剖析,并就如何消除制度性障碍提出了相应的政策建议。     

单位犯罪主体认定中的若干疑难问题

我国刑法明确规定了单位犯罪,但什么样的组织才能成为刑法中的单位犯罪主体,则值得探讨。对于私营企业,一概否认或承认其单位犯罪主体地位都是不正确的,应当根据其人格的独立程度来确定是否可以成为单位犯罪的主体;单位的分支机构在主体资格上符合刑法中的单位的特征时可以成为单位犯罪主体;单位的内设机构,在特定情况下可以单位犯罪论。筹建中的单位如果具备了法律上的人格,且其实施的犯罪与单位筹建事务有关联,是单位犯罪。境外公司、企业,如符合我国刑法中的单位的认定标准,应当以单位犯罪论．     

Regional themes and global means in supra-national higher education policy

The supra-national level has become increasingly important in educational policy formulation. This paper describes and compares two settings in which growth in these supra-national policies is evident—in Europe and in Africa. Key themes arising in policy documents in each context are examined. A distinction is drawn in analysis between themes classified as ‘global means’, such as qualification frameworks and quality assurance mechanisms, which are becoming international norms and which show close similarity across contexts, and regional goals or ‘themes’ in supra-national policy. The paper argues that although there are apparent similarities between the policy goals espoused in ‘regional themes’, context plays an important part in understanding the meanings of these policy goals. In closer analysis, there are differences both in the underlying problems which the policy goals are intended to address, and in the prioritisation given to these goals. This finding is examined in the light of debates regarding policy convergence, specifically drawing on Vaira’s (2004) framework for institutional analysis.     

Institutional change and higher education

Institutional change includes the supplanting of the old model of production with a new one, the elimination of old markets and the emergence of new ones. As higher education around the world shifts from national markets to an integrated transnational market, and possibly toward a virtual market, Christian higher education, like other market sectors, will have the opportunity to redefine its market niche. Emerging opportunities linked to new institutional rules will challenge higher education in ways that may not yet be obvious to its present managers and faculties. How the university in its portfolio of options might negotiate the elimination of old markets and the creation of new markets is the subject of this essay. A general set of principles and recommendations is offered.

Comparing the Utility of the 2000 and 2005 Carnegie Classification Systems in Research on Students’ College Experiences and Outcomes

This study compares the explanatory power of the 2000 edition of Carnegie Classification, the 2005 revision of the classification, and selected variables underlying Carnegie’s expanded 2005 classification system using data from the National Survey of Student Engagement’s spring 2004 administration. Results indicate that the 2000 and 2005 classifications generally offer comparable explanatory power for measures of self-reported gains and student engagement, but the new variables from the 2005 system are more strongly related to cognitive outcomes and engagement than were the two categorical groupings. The variables most consistently related to outcomes and engagement are graduate-undergraduate coexistence, residential character of the campus, and arts and sciences share of undergraduate majors. Implications of the findings for research and assessment are discussed.

Does Institutional Aid Compensate for or Comply with State Policy?

To what extent does state policy for student financial aid affect the distribution of institutional aid awarded to students at public institutions? Using data from the National Postsecondary Student Aid Survey we employ a Tobit model to investigate the relationship between student characteristics, including family income and academic qualifications, and the amount of student financial aid awarded from institutional sources at public masters’ and bachelors’ degree granting institutions. We then ask if the institutional aid is awarded in a manner that complements or compensates for the student financial aid policy in the state. The results support our hypothesis that state policy for student financial aid affects the distribution of institutional aid, but instead of institutional compensation for state policy, we observe what appears to be compliance.     

高等教育公平:一个制度分析的视角

高等教育公平问题的实质是制度问题,制度缺失是我国高等教育公平问题生成的主要缘由.传统的通过政府主导的强制性制度变迁来弥补制度供给不足、加强有效制度供给,还存在诸多困难,政府的作用是有限的.那么当前一种可能的选择就是,引入多元制度变迁主体,调整制度变迁方式,建立适宜的高等教育公平制度架构,为政府、高校、社会、家庭话语权的均衡提供制度支持.     

土库曼斯坦体制转轨与经济发展论析

本文简要阐述了土库曼斯坦经济体制转轨的基本内容和本质特征,并以翔实的数据资料展现了土库曼斯坦独立十七年来体制转轨的经济绩效.在肯定土库曼斯坦经济体制转轨取得一定成效的基础上,进一步评析了其转轨过程中的一些不足之处及所面临的突出问题,并对其未来经济发展趋势作了前瞻性的思考与展望。     

机构知识库发展的文化法律影响因素研究

分析了机构知识库发展中的文化法律影响因素,指出传统学术评价体系与学科文化传统是机构知识库文化影响因素的重要组成部分,而作者与出版商在正式同意公开发表其论文等成果前签署的版权协议则是目前机构知识库法律影响因素的关键,并进一步通过一些相关调查数据进行阐释分析,提出未来机构知识库发展需要重点关注的领域——突破机构知识库发展的制约瓶颈。