多重制度逻辑下企业技术创新合法性机制研究

企业所处的制度环境对企业的技术创新行为有着二元性,即可以同时促进和抑制技术创新行为的产生,因此合理的制度安排对于企业的技术创新是非常重要的。嵌入式代理理论认为行为者能够对社会产生能动的反作用,从而改变其所处制度环境中的制度安排。为了解决在多重制度影响下,企业如何通过制度来解决企业技术创新合法性困境,本文从微观制度视角出发,采用文献分析法,通过分析组织所处制度环境中的市场逻辑、专业逻辑、合作逻辑、社区逻辑、管制机构逻辑和家族逻辑,发现对企业技术创新合法性有着不同的影响和重要的促进作用,并在此基础上建构了多重制度逻辑下企业技术创新合法性机制模型。     

基于PPP(公私合作)视角的科技资源共享服务机制研究——以重庆为例的分析

研究发现,现有科技资源共享服务管理出现问题的根源在于未正确处理好科技资源"公共品"和"私人品"的双重价值属性矛盾。基于此,以重庆为例,充分考虑科技基础资源双重价值属性,结合国家鼓励社会资本参与科研基础设施社会化服务的政策要求,从PPP(公私合作)的视角,构建科技资源共享服务管理模式,建立保证该模式成功运行的成本收益分配机制、协调管理机制、资源整合机制、回报机制、激励与约束机制和相应制度。     

机构知识库与高校数字档案馆比较研究

本文在分析机构知识库产生背景的基础上,对机构知识库与高校数字档案馆进行了比较研究,指出机构知识库与高校数字档案馆在属性、特点以及获取利用方式上具有共同性.并从机构知识库与高校数字档案馆内容以及管理角度出发,对二者建立目的、内容范围、收集时限、整理分类原则、保密与保管期限以及功能七个视角进行差异性分析.以期为高校机构资源建设与优化配置提供参考与指导.     

城市环境治理制度创新的基本取向与思路

当前中国城市环境治理制度创新的基本取向主要有市场取向的制度创新、政府主导型的制度创新与治理主体多元化的制度创新等。中国城市环境治理取得了明显成效但仍然存在许多问题,因此,需要采取一系列切实有效的创新措施,以改善城市环境质量,促进经济社会的全面发展。     

Diagnosing ADHD in Danish primary school children: a case study of the institutional categorization of emotional and behavioural difficulties

This study of institutional categorization reports an investigation of the practices, procedures and assumptions of psychiatric staff members when diagnosing ADHD. The main data upon which the study is based consist of transcribed audio recordings of meetings in the psychiatric clinic. Here children referred from primary schools on the suspicion of ADHD are attended to. The tools and procedures for gathering information are shown to produce decontextualized and individualizing representations of children’s conduct. The evaluation against a number of norms is found to be central. Finally, the discussions at the central team conferences are shown to reveal the use of hypothesis testing structured around a number of dichotomies, where isolated aspects of the child’s life are considered against each other as the source of the difficulties. Together, these practices have cumulative and profound consequences for how children’s problems come to be understood as caused by a neurological condition.     

Global socio-technical regimes

This paper addresses the question why socio-technical transitions follow similar trajectories in various parts of the world, even though the relevant material preconditions and institutional contexts vary greatly between different regions and countries. It takes a critical stance on the implicit methodological nationalism in transition studies’ socio-technical regime concept and proposes an alternative ‘global’ regime perspective that embraces the increasingly multi-scalar actor networks and institutional rationalities, which influence transition dynamics beyond national or regional borders. By drawing on globalization theories from sociology and human geography, we show that socio-technical systems often develop institutional rationalities that are diffused via international networks and thus become influential in various places around the world. In so doing, we shed light on the multi-scalar interrelatedness of institutional structures and actors in socio-technical systems and elaborate on the implications for the conceptualization of transition dynamics. The paper illustrates this with the case study of an unsuccessful transition in the Chinese wastewater sector. Recent studies indicate that key decisions on wastewater infrastructure expansion were not only influenced by path-dependencies stemming from China’s national context, but equally (or even more critically) by the dominant rationality of the water sector’s global socio-technical regime. We conclude by discussing the contours of a new research agenda around the notion of global socio-technical regimes.     

Digitally enabled service transformation in UK public sector: A case analysis of universal credit

The race against ‘Digital Darwinism’ in public sector had caused failures of several high profile large-scale Digitally Enabled Service Transformation (DEST) projects. While technical and managerial issues are often emphasised as the factors underpinning such failures, the vital role of key actors and the interplay between these actors and structures is underplayed when examining the causes of DEST failure. To enable a richer understanding of DEST, this paper proposes an analytical lens combining Institutional Theory (IT) and Structuration Theory (ST) to explore the case of ‘Universal Credit’, a very large and ambitious DEST project in the UK. Analysis reveals that the institutional actors and structures played significant roles in the transformation process. Albeit governing the actors’ actions, institutional structures are shaped through actions that are influenced by knowledge, power and norms. Hence, recognising and addressing these subliminal factors are critical to promote actions that can facilitate DEST success. The contributions of this case study are two-folds. Theoretically, it provides a distinctive conceptual approach to study DEST; and practically, the lessons help in signposting better managerial practices.     

机构知识库发展的文化法律影响因素研究

分析了机构知识库发展中的文化法律影响因素,指出传统学术评价体系与学科文化传统是机构知识库文化影响因素的重要组成部分,而作者与出版商在正式同意公开发表其论文等成果前签署的版权协议则是目前机构知识库法律影响因素的关键,并进一步通过一些相关调查数据进行阐释分析,提出未来机构知识库发展需要重点关注的领域——突破机构知识库发展的制约瓶颈。     

日本机构知识库发展与现状研究

阐述在开放获取运动的推动下,机构知识库作为新型的学术交流方式和开放获取活动的“绿色通道”日渐成为国内外图书情报界关注的热点与焦点。分析日本机构知识库产生的背景、发展历程、日本国立情报学研究所对构建机构知识库的支援措施以及构建现状,希望能对我国机构知识库的构建起到一定的借鉴作用。     

机构知识库建设模式研究

根据机构知识库的多样性,将目前机构知识库建设模式划分为两种,即自主模式与联盟模式,其中联盟模式又可以分为集中存储模式与分布采集模式;应用DSpace@MIT、白玫瑰机构知识库以及ARROW联盟机构知识库三个典型实例对各个模式进行详细的阐释,根据各种模式自身特点对机构知识库建设模式利弊进行全面深入的比较分析,提出国内机构知识库建设模式的优化选择策略。