高校教学学术评价机制变革:逻辑、困境与路径

现代教学体制以教学评价为核心,不仅可对高校教师教育行为和教学语言作出严格规范,还可对提升学校质量、增进学校社会影响力有所助益。目前高校教学评价机制呈现出过度的量化、单一与行政化倾向,影响了教师的教学行为与教学发展。对教学评价逻辑重新审视,需立足理论视角和学术框架,对于推动评价机制变革具有独特价值。通过实践考察发现,基于教学学术评价的观念偏离、能力不足、制度缺位和执行困难等问题,研究高校学术发展进度,为进一步明确当前高校教学学术评价机制,强化对高校教学的指导和影响,需建立健全科学化学术评价制度、营造良好的高校学术发展环境、增强教学学术能力等。     

从公民政治素质角度看制度化政治参与

作为民主政治的核心,政治参与的扩大是政治现代化的重要标志,但并不是所有政治参与的扩大都可以促进政治现代化。制度化政治参与是现代政治系统保持良性运作的基本条件,是政治参与的高级形态,可以促进政治发展。公民政治素质低下对制度化政治参与发展会形成制约,所以必须提高公民政治素质,进而促进公民制度化政治参与发展。     

Global socio-technical regimes

This paper addresses the question why socio-technical transitions follow similar trajectories in various parts of the world, even though the relevant material preconditions and institutional contexts vary greatly between different regions and countries. It takes a critical stance on the implicit methodological nationalism in transition studies’ socio-technical regime concept and proposes an alternative ‘global’ regime perspective that embraces the increasingly multi-scalar actor networks and institutional rationalities, which influence transition dynamics beyond national or regional borders. By drawing on globalization theories from sociology and human geography, we show that socio-technical systems often develop institutional rationalities that are diffused via international networks and thus become influential in various places around the world. In so doing, we shed light on the multi-scalar interrelatedness of institutional structures and actors in socio-technical systems and elaborate on the implications for the conceptualization of transition dynamics. The paper illustrates this with the case study of an unsuccessful transition in the Chinese wastewater sector. Recent studies indicate that key decisions on wastewater infrastructure expansion were not only influenced by path-dependencies stemming from China’s national context, but equally (or even more critically) by the dominant rationality of the water sector’s global socio-technical regime. We conclude by discussing the contours of a new research agenda around the notion of global socio-technical regimes.     

Diagnosing ADHD in Danish primary school children: a case study of the institutional categorization of emotional and behavioural difficulties

This study of institutional categorization reports an investigation of the practices, procedures and assumptions of psychiatric staff members when diagnosing ADHD. The main data upon which the study is based consist of transcribed audio recordings of meetings in the psychiatric clinic. Here children referred from primary schools on the suspicion of ADHD are attended to. The tools and procedures for gathering information are shown to produce decontextualized and individualizing representations of children’s conduct. The evaluation against a number of norms is found to be central. Finally, the discussions at the central team conferences are shown to reveal the use of hypothesis testing structured around a number of dichotomies, where isolated aspects of the child’s life are considered against each other as the source of the difficulties. Together, these practices have cumulative and profound consequences for how children’s problems come to be understood as caused by a neurological condition.     

Digitally enabled service transformation in UK public sector: A case analysis of universal credit

The race against ‘Digital Darwinism’ in public sector had caused failures of several high profile large-scale Digitally Enabled Service Transformation (DEST) projects. While technical and managerial issues are often emphasised as the factors underpinning such failures, the vital role of key actors and the interplay between these actors and structures is underplayed when examining the causes of DEST failure. To enable a richer understanding of DEST, this paper proposes an analytical lens combining Institutional Theory (IT) and Structuration Theory (ST) to explore the case of ‘Universal Credit’, a very large and ambitious DEST project in the UK. Analysis reveals that the institutional actors and structures played significant roles in the transformation process. Albeit governing the actors’ actions, institutional structures are shaped through actions that are influenced by knowledge, power and norms. Hence, recognising and addressing these subliminal factors are critical to promote actions that can facilitate DEST success. The contributions of this case study are two-folds. Theoretically, it provides a distinctive conceptual approach to study DEST; and practically, the lessons help in signposting better managerial practices.     

多重制度逻辑下企业技术创新合法性机制研究

企业所处的制度环境对企业的技术创新行为有着二元性,即可以同时促进和抑制技术创新行为的产生,因此合理的制度安排对于企业的技术创新是非常重要的。嵌入式代理理论认为行为者能够对社会产生能动的反作用,从而改变其所处制度环境中的制度安排。为了解决在多重制度影响下,企业如何通过制度来解决企业技术创新合法性困境,本文从微观制度视角出发,采用文献分析法,通过分析组织所处制度环境中的市场逻辑、专业逻辑、合作逻辑、社区逻辑、管制机构逻辑和家族逻辑,发现对企业技术创新合法性有着不同的影响和重要的促进作用,并在此基础上建构了多重制度逻辑下企业技术创新合法性机制模型。     

制度环境、产学研合作与企业开放式创新路径研究

为探索我国企业取得高开放式创新绩效的路径,在中美制度环境与产学研合作背景不同的情况下,本文选取了中美两国19家典型企业,运用QCA多值集定性比较分析方法,对比分析中美企业开放式创新的多重路径。研究发现：(1)中美企业获得高开放式创新绩效路径各有两条。(2)其共同点是都具备良好的知识产权保护环境和产学研合作。(3)对中美企业而言,外商直接投资和产学研合作同时缺失会导致企业开放式创新绩效下降。基于此,为我国企业的开放式创新提出相应的建议。     

制度距离、人才流动模式与人才跨区域流动

人才跨制度环境流动时机会与风险并存，制度环境与人才流动之间的关系可能是复杂、非线性的，并在不同流动模式下表现出复杂的叠加效应。为此从软环境的角度，基于制度理论，将流入地和流出地的制度环境同时纳入分析框架，探索不同人才流动模式下制度距离对流动人才跨区域选址的影响。基于2007—2016年领英（中国）在线公开简历数据进行多值逻辑回归分析，结果显示：顺制度差流动时，制度距离对人才流入的概率呈先抑制后促进的“U”型影响，30岁以上、研究生学历、从事高新技术行业、处于管理岗位、来自东部地区的人才对制度距离的反应最为敏感；反之，逆制度差流动时，制度距离显著抑制个体的流入，特别对30～44岁、研究生学历、从事高新技术行业、处于非管理和技术岗位、来自东部地区的人才影响最为明显。基于实证结果，从营造良好的制度软环境角度给出区域引才政策启示。     

出口贸易影响中国区域科技创新的实证研究*

在新常态下,出口贸易将承载更多国家创新驱动发展的战略功能。本文基于我国2013~2020年省级平衡面板数据,检验了出口贸易对我国区域科技创新的影响,固定效应模型和工具变量(IV)模型回归结果均表明：出口贸易有助于提升区域科技创新,并且随着吸收能力增强上述提升效应更明显。进一步研究还显示,制度环境亦有助于强化以上提升效应。多元检验结果均表明,前述结论具有较好的稳健性。本文进一步厘清了出口贸易对区域科技创新逆向溢出效应的能力边界以及制度边界,有助于优化出口贸易的战略定位,对贯彻新发展理念,优化制度环境,构建“开放引领创新”的经济新体制亦有较强的政策价值。