Inter-organizational relationships and knowledge sharing through the relationship and institutional orientations in supply chains

Sharing knowledge in inter-organizational relationships is one way to enhance strategic competitiveness. It is generally agreed that the development of close relationships facilitates such sharing among partners. This paper presents a research model comprises five research hypotheses with four constructs, including relationship orientation, institutional orientation, relational risk and knowledge sharing. This study develops a conceptual model that relational risk as a mediating construct to examine the inter-relationship effects that affect knowledge sharing and these relationships. We analyze data collected from 312 of the top 1000 Taiwanese manufacturing firms in 2011 listed in Business Weekly. The results of the empirical study suggest that the role played by relationship orientation and institutional orientation is critical in ensuring the inter-organizational knowledge sharing as it mitigates the relational risk in the process. The findings of the study provide practical insights into how supply chain members should reinforce their relational and institutional view of relational governance and manage relational risks so as to improve their collaborative behaviors and in turn achieve the competitive advantage of knowledge sharing for the supply chain as a whole.     

Knowledge sharing in open source software project teams: A transactive memory system perspective

The extant studies have not empirically examined the possible team cognitive mechanisms that facilitate knowledge sharing in OSS teams, even though knowledge sharing is a cognitive task and an OSS team is a complex cognitive system. To fill this research gap, we adopt the perspective of transactive memory system (TMS) to explore the relationships among TMS, knowledge sharing, communication quality, and technical achievement of OSS teams. By analyzing data from 95 OSS projects with the partial least squares (PLS) method, our study demonstrates that several TMS dimensions have positive impacts on knowledge sharing behaviors and communication quality. Moreover, communication quality positively influences technical achievement of OSS teams. These findings provide useful implications for literature and practice.     

Resource constraints as triggers of radical innovation: Longitudinal evidence from the manufacturing sector

Despite the significant role of radical innovation as a driver of firm growth and performance, the consequences of resource constraints for radical innovation outcomes remain unknown. Our paper addresses this gap. We combine arguments from entrepreneurship theory and the theory of recombinative innovation to construct an overarching theoretical framework that argues why resource constraints can promote, rather than impede, radical innovation. We then build hypotheses on two specific resource constraints, knowledge and financial, and test these by a lagged-variable random-effects Tobit model with longitudinal data from an exceptionally large and detailed innovation survey. Controlling for absorptive capacity, firm age, and firm growth, we find full support for the hypothesis that knowledge constraints spur radical innovation and partial support for the hypothesis that financial constraints spur radical innovation. We discuss the theoretical significance of these findings and point to managerial implications and paths for future research.     

Providing metrics and automatic enhancement for hierarchical taxonomies

Taxonomies enable organising information in a human–machine understandable form, but constructing them for reuse and maintainability remains difficult. The paper presents a formal underpinning to provide quality metrics for a taxonomy under development. It proposes a methodology for semi-automatic building of maintainable taxonomies and outlines key features of the knowledge engineering context where the metrics and methodology are most suitable. The strength of the approach presented is that it is applied during the actual construction of the taxonomy. Users provide terms to describe different domain elements, as well as their attributes, and methodology uses metrics to assess the quality of this input. Changes according to given quality constraints are then proposed during the actual development of the taxonomy.     

Personal ontologies: Generation of user profiles based on the YAGO ontology

Personalized search is aimed at tailoring the search outcome to users; to this aim user profiles play an important role: the more faithfully a user profile represents the user interests and preferences, the higher is the probability to improve the search process.     

美国基础研究经费投入与管理对我国未来的经验借鉴

基础研究是整个科技创新活动的基础和源泉。通过对美国基础研究投入情况总结与分析,为我国基础研究经费投入及绩效评估工作提供借鉴。本文系统分析了美国联邦政府基础研究投入与执行、基础研究经费管理经验,结合我国实际情况,提出了加大基础研究投入力度、充分发挥政府的引导和支持作用、构建有效的协调机制和加强基础研究经费绩效评估等相关政策建议,对我国未来基础研究经费管理提供经验借鉴。     

形状相似性在面状地物的综合质量评价中的应用

在地图的综合质量评价中,对面状地物的评价占有很大比重。传统方法主要是人工凭借相关知识及经验进行评价,本文以通过相似性分析,引入数学模型加以改进,获取面状地物的形状相似度。这样通过定量的方法评价面状地物的质量优劣,为相关的质量检查人员提供一定的参考。     

外语教学中的形成性评估模式及构建的必要性

评估的根本目的是促进教育对象的发展,本文主要介绍了大学英语教学中形成性评估模式的定义和方法,以及在大学英语教学中构建形成性评估模式对教师和学生的促进作用。     

学校知识管理的理论与实践

成功的管理是学校存在和发展的必要条件。该文首先从理论层面阐述了学校知识管理的基础,接着从实践层面重点剖析了如何在学校开展成功的知识管理实践步骤,主要从学校管理者自身的转变、学校管理工作的重构、教师个人知识管理和学校整体知识管理、学校知识管理开展的制度化保证等方面进行阐释。     

Teachers’ perceptions of assessments of their mathematical knowledge in a professional development course

The purpose of the project reported in this article was to evaluate how assessing teachers’ mathematical knowledge within a professional development course impacted from the teachers’ perspective their learning and their experience with the course. The professional development course consisted of a 2-week summer institute and the content focus was geometry. We had decided to assess the mathematical learning of the teachers during this professional development course for various accountability reasons, but were concerned about possible negative by-products of this decision on the teachers and their participation. Thus, we worked to design assessment in ways that we hoped would minimize negative impacts and maintain a supportive learning environment. In addition, we undertook this evaluation to examine the impacts of the assessment, which included homework, quizzes, various projects, and an examination for program evaluation. Seventeen grade 5–9 teachers enrolled in the course participated in the study by completing written reflections and by describing their experiences in interviews. We learned that while our original intent was “to do no harm,” the teachers reported that their learning was enhanced by the assessment. The article concludes by describing the various properties of the assessments that the teachers identified as contributing to their learning of the geometry content, many of which align with current recommendations for assessing and evaluating grade K-16 mathematics students.