学术期刊编辑的学习力:意蕴、活化与拓展——基于知识的社会建构视角

学习是人作为高级生灵的本质特征,也是学习型社会对学术期刊编辑的客观要求。从知识的社会建构理论视角审视,学术期刊编辑既是学术传播的发现者、加工者与传承者,也是学习者与知识建构者。学术期刊编辑必须充分认识、把握学习力的意蕴,并借助编辑工作不断活化自己的学习力。通过有效学习与思维训练、注重个人知识管理、构建学习共同体、延展人际社交网络等路径,不断拓展自己的学习力。     

国际教育成绩评估项目的背景测试及其对我国“中考”改革的启示

国际教育成绩评估项目是自20世纪中期逐渐兴起的众多中小学教育成绩评估项目的总称。从IMSAA、ICCS到PISA的国际教育成绩评估项目的实施,不仅是为了比较各国学生的学业成绩,更是为了各国教育改革政策提供事实性依据。特别是国际教育成绩评估项目增加了CIPP模式背景评价环节的背景测试,通过对学生社会经济、文化阶层的因素的考量来分析教育的改进之道。在我国"中考"体制改革过程中,借鉴国际教育成绩评估项目的背景测试环节可以帮助改革者通过考试内容了解学生的认知规律,进一步通过考试成绩的分配方案测量学生的发展度,抑或通过考试政策的设计为弱势人群子女提供教育机会均等的制度性保障,以促进教育的合理、均衡发展。     

Students’ conceptions of knowledge, information, and truth

In this study, everyday conceptions of knowledge, information, and truth were investigated as 161 US undergraduates completed three online tasks that investigated understandings of these foundational constructs. For the first task, respondents graphically represented the interrelations of knowledge, information, and truth; the second task required them to justify those representations; and the third involved defining each term. Representations were compared to written justification to gauge consistency and data were analyzed to identify relational patterns, with six stable patterns emerging from the conceptions (e.g., knowledge establishment and truth establishment). A content analysis was performed to: (a) identify the specific language frequently used to define these terms, and (b) contrast definitions as a whole to conceptions that populate the psychological and related literatures. The significance of the resulting patterns is considered in light of the literature in epistemic beliefs and empirical implications and practical relevance are discussed.     

What do we learn from docutainment? Processing hybrid television documentaries

This study examined how hybrid documentary formats, which embed educational contents into narratives, are cognitively processed. Based on existing research and theories, two reception modes were identified: processing with a focus on the narrative plotline and processing with a focus on the thematic structure. In two experiments, two markers of narrative processing could be found for hybrid television documentaries: the experience of transportation and the narrative distance effect. In the first experiment, it could be shown that re-enactments and personal variables enhance the experience of transportation. The second experiment confirmed the narrative distance effect, which occurs independently of reception goals. This means that educational facts which are closely tied to the narrative plotline were learned better than distant facts, regardless of whether the recipients watched the documentary for information or entertainment purposes. The study supplements prior theories on hybrid processing and provides conditions under which narratives are appropriate for learning.     

“浙江模式”独立学院的优势、困境与出路

浙江省是我国独立学院创办的先发地。独立学院“浙江模式”对我国独立学院办学影响较大。这一办学模式较好地坚持了独立学院办学公益性原则,办学质量有保证,办学规模扩张速度快,对母体高校的回报大,是当前我国独立学院主要的一种办学模式。但面对独立学院在新时期的发展,这一办学模式也同样暴露出办学条件不足、办学投入不足、办学体制不顺、办学特色缺乏、产权过户困难、发展空间堪忧、独立依附两难的问题,亟待寻找新的出路,促进其健康可持续发展。     

西辽河流域的古代都市——辽上京临潢府（上）

西拉木伦河流域是西辽河的主要干流,10世纪初由契丹人在西拉木伦河流域建立起来的辽上京城成为辽王朝的统治中心。这是中国古代北方民族继北魏之后所建立的最壮观最辉煌的一座特殊都市。自金朝灭亡后,辽上京城渐渐淡出人们的视野。清康熙至嘉庆年间,由编写＂大清一统志＂的文人们发现并确认了辽上京城的所在位置。以往中外学术界一直认为,辽上京城的重新发现是清道光年间蒙古学者张穆所撰写的《蒙古游牧纪》一书,这种观点是错误的。其实最迟在《嘉庆重修大清一统志》中已经有明确记载。此外,契丹人所修建的辽上京城从＂二元＂理念出发,采用了＂北朝南市＂的二元体制,分为南北二城。北城即皇城,为辽朝皇帝的临政之所;南城即所谓汉城则是以容纳汉人为主体的包括契丹人之外的各族人的生产、生活、市易、井肆、居住的场所。辽上京城是西辽河流域古代都市文明的标志,对东北亚乃至内陆亚洲的文化交流与传布,商品贸易的往来等都产生了不可估量的作用。     

Exploring the factors that influence knowledge sharing between academics

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of organisational and individual factors on the knowledge sharing behaviour of UK academics. Although there a few articles that explore knowledge sharing between academics in an Asian context, there is currently only one article that explores this topic in a UK context. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 academics to gather insights into their views on the factors that affect knowledge sharing. Findings demonstrated that academics are prepared to share different types of knowledge; a range of factors affecting this process were highlighted by interviewees. Trust was discussed more than other individual factors and was often associated with social exchange. Culture was described by most interviewees as collaborative and leaders were generally considered to have integrity, but often did not themselves share knowledge. Regular face-to-face contact was emphasised as being critical for knowledge sharing. This study demonstrates there is a culture of trust in most departments and academics are willing to share knowledge with their colleagues. They do, however, believe that the matrix structure, that is typical of academic departments, has resulted in unclear roles and responsibilities, which could hinder the design of structures to promote collaboration and sharing.     

Weighing opposing positions: Examining the effects of intratextual persuasive messages on students’ knowledge and beliefs

The proliferation of new forms of media has given way to a multitude of new text structures, particularly texts designed to alter the receiver’s perspectives. Yet, little is known about the ways in which these novel text structures alter the characteristics of the receiver including one’s knowledge and beliefs. As such, the purpose of this multi-phase investigation was to explore the persuasion process when students read a persuasive message with an intratextual structure. Intratextual persuasion refers to a text structure in which two one-sided texts are presented together as a single message. As a result of reading an intratextual persuasive message, students’ perceived knowledge increased, and their topic beliefs strengthened differentially based upon students’ position on the controversial issue. Moreover, participants judged the characteristics of the overall commentary similarly, but they rated the characteristics of the two opposing texts differentially based on their position. Implications for research and instruction pertaining to persuasive texts with complex argument structure are forwarded.     

大学新生的适应不良及自我调适

大学新生在步入大学校园后,面对全新的生活环境和角色转换,常会产生各种适应不良情况。现阶段大学新生存在的适应问题表现在心理状态、发展目标、学习过程和生活方式四个纬度。有鉴于此,大学新生应从四个方面进行自我调适：心理状态实现由依赖变为独立,发展目标实现由高考应试转为能力培养,学习·方式实现从被动转向主动,生活方式从他律转入...     

企业财务管理环境变化趋势及应对措施

从我国企业财务管理实践来看,财务活动所依赖的各种条件或因素发生变化可能会制约、影响企业的决策,从而影响企业的经营活动。为应对财务管理环境的变化,企业应把握财务管理环境变化的趋势,采取相应的应对措施。