Science policy in changing times: are governments poised to take full advantage of an institution in transition?

While it is widely acknowledged that the institution of science is currently undergoing a major transformation, there remains reluctance in many sectors to embrace the changes and maximize the utility of science and its role in economic growth. The transformation of science is driven by economic factors rather than those value-based. Accordingly, confusion and contradiction in science policy statements become apparent when the structure of science policy and the mechanisms that aim to support collaborative arrangements of science are examined. Historical and cognitive evidence shows the distinctions of “applied” and “basic” research are human constructions and, as such, have become a handicap to the emerging knowledge-based economy. It is concluded that, if the economic and social benefits of integrated arrangements in knowledge production are to be realized, there is a pressing need to modify the current institution of science and the policies that would underlie it.     

环境规制对绿色竞争力的影响机制研究 —基于中部地区的实证分析

为揭示环境规制对绿色竞争力的影响机制,测算中国中部六省绿色竞争力综合指数,并运用系统广义矩估计(SYS-GMM)与可行广义最小二乘法(FGLS)回归模型,分析环境规制对绿色竞争力的影响机制.研究表明:(1)中部六省2008-2017年绿色竞争力整体上有所上升,绿色竞争力时序均值得分湖北＞江西＞安徽＞湖南＞山西＞河南,2017年子系统得分为资源环境承载力＞经济增长绿化度＞政府政策支持度.(2)环境规制与绿色竞争力存在倒"U"型曲线关系,目前中部六省处在拐点的左侧,增加环境规制强度有利于绿色竞争力的提升.(3)科技创新对绿色竞争力的提高有负向影响,环境规制能够间接通过科技创新对绿色竞争力的提高产生显著的正向影响.并为中部六省绿色竞争力提升提出采取柔性化市场手段鼓励环境保护、加大政策对科技的引导作用、推进产业结构高级化、推进绿色城镇化和扩大对外开放水平等对策建议.     

Global production networks, knowledge diffusion, and local capability formation

This paper develops a conceptual framework that explores the linkage between the evolution of global production networks (GPN), the role of network flagships in transferring knowledge, and the formation of capabilities by local suppliers. GPN are a major innovation in the organization of international business. These networks combine concentrated dispersion of the value chain across the boundaries of the firm and national borders, with a parallel process of integrating hierarchical layers of network participants. The network flagships transfer both explicit and tacit knowledge to local suppliers through formal and informal mechanisms. This is necessary to upgrade the local suppliers’ technical and managerial skills, so that they can meet the flagships’ specifications. We also examine how GPN can act as mediators in the capability formation of local suppliers.     

开放的组织知识转移-创造-应用模型研究

分析了知识的转移特性和转移过程;从系统的角度,构建了一个开放的组织知识转移-创造-应用系统框架;提出了知识凝炼化和沉积化概念,并在SECI知识螺旋模型基础上,建立了开放的组织知识转移-创造-应用模型.该模型反映了一条完整的知识转移链.     

知识、资源与自然的辩证关系

自然资源作为人类根据自身需要，而开发出来的附着于自然物质和能量之上的使用功能，不仅与自然，而且与人类的知识进步、知识积累有着密不可分的关系。以往人们对这一关系的认识有很大的局限性。随着科学的发展与技术水平的提高，生产的社会分工也越来越细化，更多的人从与自然资源直接相关的产业部门中分离出去，因而在认识上出现了这样一种倾向，即自然资源的重要性已不如从前，知识经济大发展已经超越了自然资源的局限。可以说，这种认识没能正确的理解知识与自然资源的关系，所以是错误的。知识与自然资源的关系，所以是错误的。知识与自然资源关系是共生共存、相互促进、共同发展的。在信息化与知识经济迅速崛起时代，正确理解与把握知识、资源与自然之间的辩证关系，直接关系到人类社会未来发展的走向，具有十分深远的历史意义。     

The disaggregated technology production function: A new model of university and corporate research

Technology and the process that produces it, research and development (R&D), are typically characterized as homogeneous entities. In reality, the typical industrial technology is composed of three elements: a generic technology base, supporting infratechnologies, and proprietary market applications (innovations). The first two have public good characteristics, and therefore, explicitly modeling them is essential for public policy purposes. The fundamental relationships among these elements require a technology production function that captures the supporting roles of the public good elements in creating proprietary applied technology. These critical quasi-public technology goods are supplied to a significant extent by exogenous (external) sources: central corporate research labs, government labs, and increasingly, universities. The expanding university role beyond basic research complicates the structure and functioning of the national R&D establishment and increases the need for a more accurate model of technological change to better inform R&D policy.Moreover, in assessing the resulting applied technology's impact on economic growth, both the general and partial equilibrium literatures enter the technology variable into a production function with the common “production” assets (physical capital and labor). Such models obscure an important distinction between technology and these production assets—namely, the fact that technology is primarily a “demand-shifting” asset. As such, its role is correctly specified only when combined with the other major demand-shifting asset, marketing. Allocations to these two assets vary across competing firms implying a spatial model of competition, while still providing traceability to the exogenous sources of public good technology elements, such as universities.     

发展知识经济的资源物质基础及中国所面临的困境

先进的科学技术和发达的高科技产业固然是发展知识经济的首要条件，但也决不能因此而忽视知识经济赖以生存的基础产业条件。从发达国家所走过的道路来看，知识经济的产生与发展必须要有见识稳固的传统产业基础。在中国发展知识经济不仅有科技发展水平上的差距，而且还面临着资源物质基础薄弱、基础产业发展不充分的困境。     

基于临时团队的信息安全众测平台知识共享演化博弈研究

运用演化博弈理论,基于临时团队构建众测平台中有限理性的白帽子间安全知识共享的复制动态模型,分析不同的参数对进化稳定策略的影响及实现知识共享的均衡条件。研究结果表明,临时团队内白帽子间进行安全知识共享与安全知识共享成本、信任度、固有安全知识量、安全知识增值率、安全知识漏洞转化率、团队平均漏洞奖励率和获得团队奖励的概率等有关;降低知识共享成本、提高白帽子的共享能力和意愿。     

知识管理时代图书情报学的理论基础研究

本文主要论述了知识管理的内涵与本质，同时重点分析了把知识管理论作为图书情报学的理论基础的必要性及其现实意义。     

我国高校R＆D知识溢出的实证研究——以高技术产业为例

区域创新体系中地理媒介知识溢出，已经成为新经济增长理论和新经济地理等学科研究的主要课题。本文依据空间计量经济学理论，运用知识生产函数模型框架，以高技术产业为例，对我国高等院校R＆D知识溢出的空间范围和程度进行了实证研究，结果表明区域内高等院校对于高技术产业的知识溢出是正向的、显著的，但溢出程度较低；相邻区域之间的高技术创新具有空间依存性，一个区域高技术产业的知识生产不仅增加自身区域的知识存量，而且会溢出到邻近区域，引起邻近区域知识存量的增加。依据实证结果，本文提出了强化知识生产与溢出的政策性建议。