Ugandan health libraries in the 21st century: key initiatives and challenges

This article is part of a series in this regular feature which looks at new directions in health science libraries. This paper highlights new initiatives aimed at ensuring health libraries can contribute to the development of Uganda in the 21st century and the challenges facing libraries. It stresses that for libraries to be successful they need to form networks and collaborations for resource sharing; take advantage of the benefits of information technology; computerise their library systems; as well as invest in the development of staff. The paper highlights the main challenge facing the library service as inadequate funding both from government for public‐funded health libraries and the private sector (for privately funded health libraries). The paper concludes that, despite the bottlenecks brought about by inadequate funding, Ugandan health libraries have taken positive steps to support health research and education, as well as patient care, not just for Uganda, but for the whole of the East African region. J.M.     

University–preschool partnership and workplace-based learning: a collaborative ‘third space’ or no space at all?

The article examines the aims of the workplace-based learning of prospective preschool teachers in Iceland and associated cooperative practices between the University of Iceland and preschools. A ‘third space’ of collaboration between these two sites is considered necessary if the education of preschool student teachers is to be effective. Collaboration between the university and preschools as presented in the university’s policy documents and as implemented in practice will be investigated and compared to the literature on collective third space. Implications for both policy and practice are discussed.     

大学教师发展：斯坦福大学的经验

近年来大学教师发展受到越来越多的重视,它已成为促进大学发展的重要方式和途径。美国大学教师发展活动开展相对较早,顶尖的斯坦福大学在教师发展上积累了相当丰富的经验：兼顾教师个人发展、教学发展以及组织发展,活动形式多种多样,并重视提升教师自我学习与自我发展能力,将增进教师的幸福、打造卓越的生涯与塑造成功的大学等目标有机结合,从而促使教师取得更杰出的学术和教育成就,同时也为斯坦福大学保持世界一流提供了有力的支撑。     

基于知识协同的应用型本科院校教师教学创新研究与实践

从应用型本科院校的办学定位出发,指出教师教学模式所存在的问题。基于知识协同的角度解释了教师传授学术或专业知识和培养应用型本科教育教学创新的内涵,阐述了教学理念、教学方法和手段、教学管理的更新,并以安徽省某高校应用型物流管理本科人才培养的教学改革为例,提出一些具体的措施,力图为解决应用型本科人才培养过程中的不适应问题提供参考。     

Using Q-methodology to determine students' perceptions of interprofessional anatomy education

Interprofessional education (IPE) prepares healthcare students for collaboration in their future careers. The purpose of this study was to determine which aspects of the IPE Program in Anatomy at McMaster University contributed to the development of healthcare student's interprofessional skills. Q-methodology was used to identify the students' common viewpoints of the IPE experience. A total of 26/28 (93%) of students in the course from the medical, nursing, midwifery, physician assistant, occupational therapy, and physiotherapy programs participated in this study. Students were asked to sort a Q-sample of 43 statements about the IPE dissection course derived from previous qualitative studies of the program. Using the centroid factor extraction and varimax rotation, three salient factors (groups) emerged, namely: (1) Anatomy IPE Enthusiasts, (2) Practical IPE Advocates, and (3) Skeptical IPE Anatomists. The Anatomy IPE Enthusiasts believed that students from different disciplines brought unique anatomical knowledge and each group member guided others through difficult material. The Practical IPE Advocates expressed that they would be stronger advocates for interprofessional teams in the future because of the course. The Skeptical IPE Anatomists strongly disagreed that learning with students from different disciplines helped them gain an understanding of their roles in the context of other healthcare professionals and felt that there was little benefit from the IPE program compared to other non-interprofessional programs. These findings about student attitudes are critical to drive an evidence-based evolution of the IPE dissection course, since students' perceptions can have a profound influence on interprofessional collaboration in the workplace.     

沟通对科技查新质量和效率的影响分析

通过对科技查新项目工作流程的协作交互关系的分析,阐述沟通在科技查新工作中的重要性。认为沟通是保证科技查新效率和质量的前提,提出将求教式提问、启发式提问、协商式提问的沟通方法引入查新工作中,以提高查新工作的效果。     

基于文献计量学的国际基础数学领域作者合作网络分析

系统地统计了基础数学领域10本国际顶级期刊在1981-2011年间发表的所有论文的作者情况,做出了作者合作网络图。并应用社会网络分析方法对最大连通子网络的属性进行了具体分析,对网路的小世界效应、无标度特点、集聚系数等分别进行了计算分析,得到了一些有意义的结论。     

基于专利文献计量的我国校企科研合作现状分析

以中国知识产权局专利数据库收录的校企联合申请的专利文献作为样本,采用社会网络分析方法、可视化方法和多维尺度分析方法,对我国高校和企业之间以专利为载体的科研合作现象进行计量分析,通过绘制合作关系网络图谱,直观地展示出我国校企之间合作关系的分布和变化情况,以及伴随校企合作所呈现出的区域间科研合作情况。研究结果表明：当前我国校企合作程度较低,参与主体数量有限,合作关系不稳固,且存在着显著的区域分布不均衡和地域倾向。针对这一现状,应该充分挖掘地方普通高校的潜力,以协同创新计划的实施为契机,进一步提升校企合作的广度与深度。     

基于专利合作网络的北京国际科技合作分析

以美国专利商标局申请库收录的2001-2013年北京国际科技合作专利为数据源,运用文献计量和社会网络的方法对北京国际科技合作专利的逐年发展情况,主要合作国家、重点科研机构、活跃人才以及热点领域的合作情况作出全面的分析和系统的解读,揭示了北京国际科技合作专利快速增长等现状特征,探讨了当前北京国际科技合作在知识产权共享、企业创新能力等方面的问题,从政府的支持力度和要素流动等角度提出了建议对策。