Classroom Interaction and the Development of Empowerment

What is the practical pedagogic value of the zone of proximal development? How might we draw from the writings of Vygotsky and Leont’ev with regard to understanding the process of children and young people’s development as socialised intellectual beings? This article applies cultural-historical theory to classroom activity in order to reveal the potential for dynamic change in subjectivity, agency, cooperation and collaboration. After a detailed theoretical contextualisation which links primary sources and the cultural-historical tradition to learning and development through classroom activity, an incident in a lesson is discussed and situated in its wider narrative of practical experimentation, diagnosis and implementation.     

Impact of distributed leadership on teacher job satisfaction in China: The mediating roles of teacher autonomy and teacher collaboration

Teacher job satisfaction is a heated topic worldwide. Among the possible factors influencing teacher job satisfaction, distributed leadership is very important one. Given very few studies have investigated the effects of distributed leadership on teacher job satisfaction through teacher autonomy and teacher collaboration, this paper is important. It is expected to provide international readers with a better understanding of how these variables are practised in the Chinese context. Specifically, we aim to achieve two goals. The first goal is to investigate the direct impact of distributed leadership on teacher job satisfaction and the second one is to explore how distributed leadership indirectly affects teacher job satisfaction through teacher autonomy and teacher collaboration. The data are from the 2018 Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) (n = 3976). Structural equation modeling revealed statistically significant positive effects of distributed leadership on teacher autonomy, teacher collaboration, and teacher job satisfaction, respectively. The further analyses indicated that the indirect effects of distributed leadership on teacher job satisfaction through teacher autonomy and professional collaboration were statistically significant. However, distributed leadership had no indirect effect on job satisfaction via exchange and co-ordination. Based on the findings, we propose some suggestions to improve teacher job satisfaction, such as strengthening communications between school leaders and teachers, and providing adequate autonomy to teachers. The detailed relationships among these variables are discussed in connection with Chinese educational context.     

加拿大安大略省教学轨教职的发展现状、评价标准及现实启示

近年来,在学生规模扩大、教育问责强化、财政资助缩减等压力之下,加拿大安大略省将引入教学轨教职作为提高教育质量的重要改革举措。与传统的终身轨教师相比,教学轨教师主要从事教学和学习活动,与兼职或临时讲师相比,教学轨教师对教学和学生的投入更多,与学校的聘任关系更加稳定。作为与终身轨教职平行的职业发展轨道,教学轨教职的评价标准主要侧重考察教师在教学技能、教学计划与课程发展、教学领导与成就等领域的贡献。教学轨教职的引入对大学而言是一次机会,可以重新审视教学与研究之间的关系,探索教学使命和研究使命如何相互促进。在当前的教师岗位分类改革中,我国高校可从教学模式和课程体系、聘任与晋升评价体系、晋升与岗位转换通道、教学荣誉体系等方面提高教学为主型教职的认可度,促进教学为主型教师队伍的职业发展。     

科学合作最佳规模现象的发现

 科学论文生产与科学合作规模之间的关系,本质上是科学生产力与科研生产关系的互动作用。本文作者回顾了在指导博士生在这一领域选题进行学位论文研究中,意外发现了科学合作最佳规模现象,这一现象当时博士生的研究已经显示出来却尚未完全意识到。之后,WISE实验室部分成员采用威布尔分布和核心密度估计两种概率密度函数,对WOS数据库中的核物理学、应用物理学、应用化学、微生物学和纳米科技等学科若干年度的论文数据进行分析,得到合作规模(人数)与论文数量关系的密度分布曲线,证实了科学合作最佳规模现象的存在。最后,提出了全面探索科学合作最佳规模现象与定律的设想。     

企业间合作知识创造的结构化演变机理研究

深入理解合作知识创造机理有助于构建有效的合作知识创造管理模式,促进企业间的合作知识创造进程。可是,由于合作企业在战略规划、利益机制、企业文化和管理模式等方面存在差异,合作知识创造的机理非常复杂。在阐明结构化理论和合作知识创造理论一致性的基础上,应用结构二重性原理,从合作博弈、表意结构、支配结构和合法化结构四个维度对企业间合作知识创造的结构化演变机理进行了剖析,并构建了基于结构化模态的合作知识创造管理模式,以有效提高企业间合作知识创造绩效。     

基于区域创新三螺旋的新型研究院发展战略研究

区域创新资源如何通过政产学研合作予以优化整合,形成科技创新合力效应,首要问题就是体制机制如何设计,这也是政产学研合作升级中的深层次瓶颈问题。通过调研发现,在我国部分地区发展实践过程中出现了一些产学研合作体制机制创新实践。为此通过示范性个案研究,即以临沂市科学技术合作与应用研究院为研究对象开展分析。首先阐述出现该院这类组织载体背后的理论支撑——区域创新三螺旋;然后在描述该院发展的现状后,对该院的组织属性、发展路径与发展战略定位进行详尽分析,并初步提出了支撑其发展的五大战略任务。     

The interplay of cognitive and relational social capital dimensions in university-industry collaboration: Overcoming the experience barrier

The use of university-industry collaboration in the innovation process is viewed as a major driver of firm competitiveness. The organizational dynamics underlying successful external relationships, however, remain poorly understood. Using longitudinal case studies of 15 innovation projects, we examine how firms with varying degrees of experience in collaborating with universities and public research organizations rely on different social capital dimensions to achieve successful collaborations. We find that experienced firms establish external collaborations on the basis of cognitive social capital, but this basis is reinforced by relational social capital over time. Conversely, less experienced firms initially base their university collaborations on relational social capital, which is reinforced by cognitive social capital over time. Based on these findings, we theorize on the interplay of different dimensions of social capital in university-industry collaborations over time. Our study has important implications for the management of collaborative innovation projects. In particular, it provides guidance to enable less experienced firms to develop successful collaborations with university partners.     

中国管理科学研究队伍的年龄结构研究

对中国管理科学11种高影响因子期刊所记录的论文作者年龄数据进行了科学计量学研究。揭示了管理科学研究队伍年龄表现的数量特征:管理科学研究队伍年龄结构为青年峰的偏单峰分布,35岁以下的第一作者已占据半壁河山且保持稳定发展;学生作者(特别是博士生)是发表管理科学论文的重要群体,构成了中国管理科学队伍的年轻化趋势;二人和三人合作是我国管理科学领域主要的科学合作形式;青年-中老、青年-老年是居于主导的二人合作年龄结构,中年-青年-老年、青年-中年-青年是常见的三人合作年龄结构;师生之间的合作研究是最主要的合作形式。     

科学计量学领域科学合作研究综述

随着科学的迅速发展,科学研究中的合作关系日益成为影响科学生产能力发挥的巨大力量,对科学合作的研究也在逐渐深入。对科学计量学领域科学合作的研究文献做出相关综述,从科学计量学的观点对科学合作研究状况加以梳理,以期发现科学合作现象的规律,为提高科学研究绩效提供信息。     

大数据环境下基于分工协作的情报系统构建方法研究

[研究目的]将大数据技术引入构建服务于中小规模组织的情报系统时面临技术难度大、资源获取困难以及用户使用门槛高等困难。因此,提出一种大数据环境下基于分工协作的情报系统构建方法,该方法可以有效解决中小规模组织构建情报系统时所面临的这些问题。[研究方法]通过对基于第三方的大数据环境下情报系统构建的三层模型和基于分工协作构建大数据情报系统的典型场景的阐述,提供了一种初步的可行技术解决方案,最后对基于分工协作构建大数据环境下的情报系统所面临的管理困难进行了探讨。[研究结论]基于分工协作构建情报系统是大数据环境下情报学研究的一个重要方向,通过建立技术参考模型和典型应用场景可以为相关技术标准和实现方法的进一步确立提供参考。