建构主义学习理论在美术教学中的应用

本以建构主义理论的“情境”、“协作”、“会话”和“意义建构”四大要素为背景，从以教师为主导进行“情境”创设，以学生为中心进行“协作”学习，以课堂为阵地进行“会话”商讨，以创新为目标进行“意义建构”四个方面探索了由传统的以教师为中心的逻辑讲解传授式的教学过程转变为通过情境创设、协作学习、问题探索、意义建构等以学生为主体的教学过程。     

改革初中数学教学方法初探

新课程改革推进了数学教学方法的改革和创新，实现全面实施素质教育，是目前数学教学的发展趋势。因此要明确数学教学目标，不断改进教学方法，切实抓好课堂教学，优化教学过程，进一步提高教学效果。     

利用Authorware制作动态椭圆

利用多媒体制作软件Authorware制作动态椭圆,方法简便,效果理想．本文介绍了动态椭圆的设计思想和制作方法．     

Research and policy on the language of instruction issue in Africa

Since 1995 I have been engaged in consultancies and since 2001 in research dealing with the language of instruction policies in Africa. To what extent are the policies being implemented? What is the role of research and consultancy when it comes to language policy? What happens when researchers or consultants come up with recommendations which do not please donors or the people of power? My paper builds on a consultancy on the language policy of Namibia from 1995, the stock-taking exercise of ADEA/GTZ/UIL of 2006, as well as on research results and experiences gathered within the LOITASA (Language of Instruction in Tanzania and South Africa) project. In the first part of the article I give two examples where the policy recommendations by the consultants/researchers have not been followed up. I give an example of a consultancy that has had some impact on the policy formulation in some African countries. Recommendations from only one of the four studies/consultancies looked at have been thoroughly followed up. These recommendations were in line with what the donors wanted, but did not logically follow from the research done. In the second part of the article I deal with the challenge of making policy research relevant for those most greatly affected by the policy. This means working for a paradigm shift in the research and consultancy on language policies in Africa. It also means looking at the power of misconceptions held by lay people. Towards the end of the article I discuss changing a belief system which has become common knowledge. I show examples of how Tanzanian colleagues in the LOITASA project are trying to do this.     

图书招标采购评分标准的制定与分析

使用招标投标方法采购图书,应当采用打分评标办法。评分标准应由图书采购单位结合自身实际制定。可采用综合评分法,也可采用性价比法。为防止图书供应商中标后不兑现投标时的各项承诺,图书采购单位还必须制定图书供应商违背承诺的处罚办法,让供应商的所有承诺都与其经济利益挂钩,这样才能够制定出比较完善的图书招投标采购方案。     

Decisional Regret Theory: Reducing the Anxiety About Uncertain Outcomes During Group Decision Making Through Shared Counterfactual Storytelling

People want to live in a predictable world, yet regularly face uncertain outcomes from decision choices. Here, a decision-making theory of communication is proposed. Faced with decisions, people experience anxiety as they anticipate choice-regret. The communicative dynamic of Decisional Regret Theory (DERT) is the production, sharing, and reconstruction of predecisional imaginary narratives that allow alternative decisional outcomes to be anticipated. DERT predicts a type of shared communication (counterfactual storytelling) under specific circumstances (anticipation of making a meaningful decision). It further predicts listener responses: (a) reproducing the story, (b) altering the story, (c) creating an alternative story, or (d) disconfirming the story. Exemplars of counterfactual communication during jury decision making are offered, together with a model describing the emergence of group counterfactual storytelling.     

"问题树分析法"--区域发展研究的有效分析方法

本介绍了问题树分析法的概念,理论要点,特点,分析步骤,模型结构及在区域发展研究中的重要性。并结合具体实例,探讨了在区域发展规划中如何应用该方法来发现问题,分析问题之间的相互关系,有针对性地对区域发展作出总体规划与决策。     

浅谈Photoshop在网页制作中的应用

Photoshop是一个功能强大的图像处理软件,可以对各种格式的图像文件进行非常精细的处理,不仅适用于广告用图、美术摄影作品的处理,也广泛用于网页制作。通过介绍Photoshop在网页制作中的各种应用方法,以期对网页制作人员提供一定的技能指导。     

多目标决策评价模型在红小豆育种中的应用

运用基于熵权的多目标决策分析模型,结合模糊数学和熵的思想,运用多属性决策分析中的双基点法,对红小豆品种进行定量评价,结果表明,这种评价模型运算简便,易于掌握,切实可行。     

DEA方法在湖北省各城市经济发展分析中的应用

介绍了数据包络分析(DEA)中的C2R模型的原理与方法,并用该方法计算湖北17个城市经济发展的相对效率值,从有效性的角度分析各个城市的发展状况·再结合各地实际情况提出了改进建议·