高等学校教育成本核算及管理探析

阐释了高校教育成本核算的内涵及现状,分析高校教育成本核算的必要性,探究高校教育成本核算与管理的内容与方法。     

基于三层结构的实验室管理系统的设计与实现

随着高校实验室规模的不断扩大,传统的实验室管理模式已经不能满足当前实验室教学、科研等需求。该系统采用C#,My SQL 5.0 and ASP.net结合开发了基于三层结构的实验室管理系统。实践证明本系统是切实可行的,具有较高的灵活性、易维护性、安全性和可扩展性。     

知识管理不能取代档案管理——再论档案管理与知识管理的关系

档案管理与知识管理在管理对象、管理目标、管理流程及支撑技术等方面存在着相同或相近之处。但笔者认为,档案管理是一项专业性较强的工作,具有悠久的历史、系统的理论体系和工作体系;档案管理与知识管理在起源、管理侧重点、工作性质、工作方式和评估方法等诸多方面存在着深刻的不同之处。因此,即使知识管理技术较为先进,也不能不加区别地全盘接受,而摒弃一切传统档案管理内容,档案知识管理是档案管理工作在人类社会进入知识经济时代的阶段性特征,知识管理不能取代档案管理工作。     

Ensuring technical competency for management of research-focused organizations

Does a national research-focused organization need a technically competent leader? This study provides preliminary answers to that question using a natural experiment underway at the Department of Energy (DOE): a leader with significant high-level management experience superior to that of his predecessors, but no relevant technical experience was appointed to run the vast scientific research operation. The following hypothesis is proposed: A major risk of allowing technically-unqualified leadership is that an amateur can be more easily manipulated by special interests against the best interests of the nation. The hypothesis is tested by technically analyzing three case studies on proposals from the Secretary of Energy. The results show 1) requests for budget cuts undermining DOE's mission, 2) requests for redundant studies wasting DOE resources, and 3) counter-productive recommendations derived from a misrepresentation of the studies' results, which indicate technical competence is important for DOE leadership. These preliminary results indicate technical competency is important for leaders running organizations that oversee research. Finally, a potential policy safe guard to the risks of extreme technical incompetence is provided, which can be applied to either independent- or politically-appointed bureaucrats.     

Can young students think systemically about the environment? The case of pollution

This paper reports on the thoughts 6-year-olds and 9-year-olds have related to the serious issue of air and sea pollution. More specifically, twenty seven 6-year-olds and thirty 9-year-olds attending two state schools in Volos, a small provincial town in Greece participated in the research which assessed the students’ competence to think systemically about dealing with pollution. The study sheds light on whether students are able to identify interrelations between the components of pollution, and clarifies the mental models they hold. Data was collected through drawings and interviews, subsequent analysis of which indicates that students appeared to hold two mental models related to pollution; pollution is connected both spatially and temporally with visible pollutants; and, pollution is connected indirectly with invisible pollutants. The students seemed to exhibit a kind of systemic thinking, which was done unconsciously to a certain degree. Thus it is a challenge for education to enhance students’ systemic thinking in an attempt to bring it to a more conscious level, which will assist them to reconstruct their mental models of pollution.     

Higher education for public value: taking the debate beyond New Public Management

Many higher education (HE) system reforms in the past decades have been built on the paradigm of New Public Management (NPM). However, these reforms have not allowed HE to fully take its value for society into account. In recent years a growing call can be heard to orient the HE sector towards more collaboration, a focus on a larger set of socio-economic objectives instead of on performance alone, less pressure, more trust and legitimacy. In this article, it is stated that NPM has not sufficiently enabled the creation of public value (PV) by the HE sector. This article provides (1) insight into the flaws of NPM, (2) an understanding of PV for HE and (3) a new model to study HE reforms built on the concept of PV.     

Mass media representations of the evidence as a possible deterrent to recommending exercise for the treatment of depression: Lessons five years after the extraordinary case of TREAD-UK

Exercise or physical activity are recommended options within stepped-care treatment models for depression. However, few physicians present these options to patients, in part because of the impression that the supporting evidence is weak or inconsistent. We speculate that the coocurrence of “counter-messaging” and deficient critical appraisal may lead to such impressions. We focus on TREAD-UK (ISRCTN16900744), the largest trial to investigate “whether physical activity can be an effective treatment for depression within primary care”. In media statements, researchers declared that exercise was ineffective in lowering depression. We examined (a) the results of the trial, critiques, and rejoinders, (b) the impact on internet searches, and (c) whether TREAD-UK was critically appraised, as reflected in citing articles. We show that the results of TREAD-UK were misrepresented. The media campaign resulted in a fourfold increase in relevant internet searches. Of articles characterising the results, 57% adopted the interpretation that exercise failed to lower depression, whereas only 17% were critiques. We identify similarities to media portrayals of the OPERA (ISRCTN43769277), DEMO (NCT00103415), and DEMO-II trials (NCT00695552). We note a disconcerting trend of media campaigns that misrepresent the effects of exercise on depression and call for increased scrutiny in peer reviewing both pre- and post-publication.     

数字图像语义标注模型比较与分析

[目的/意义]图像语义标注的基础是图像语义标注模型的构建,对当前主流图像语义标注模型进行梳理和总结,剖析其在图像语义标注中的优缺点,可为后续相关研究提供借鉴和参考。[方法/过程]采用文献调研法,总结出4类主要的图像语义标注模型,即Eakins模型、Jaimes&Chang模型、Kong模型、Panofsky模型。其后采用比较法和归纳法,从语义层次、可扩展性以及应用范围和方式3个方面对前三类模型进行比较分析。[结果/结论]Eakins模型语义层次最全面,语义表达能力最强,应用范围最广;Kong模型的可扩展性最强,适应性最好。