《时时刻刻》中的现代性焦虑

《时时刻刻》(The Hours)是享有美国"X一代"作家之称的迈克尔·坎宁安(Michael Cunningham)1988年发表的第三部实验体小说。在这部作品中,坎宁安对英国著名女作家弗吉尼亚.伍尔夫的处女作《达洛维夫人》进行戏仿,以心理意识为纽带,剖析了20世纪三位知识女性所遭遇的畸形心理情结与精神困惑,揭示了后工业时代人类普遍经历的现代性焦虑。     

Perception of value congruence and interethnic behavioral intentions

Two studies were conducted to investigate the effects of ethnocentrism, cognitive differentiation and extent of contact/information experienced with three stimulus groups varying in ethnicity on (a) respondents' perceptions of similarity in personal values between themselves and members of these ethnic groups, and (b) social distance orientations toward these groups. None of the predictor variables systematically induced differential attributions of value similarity. Ethnocentrism was found to be the most potent determinant of social distance, with low ethnocentric persons showing less social distance toward ethnic outgroups. The results were generally compatible with the notion of social competition proposed by Turner (1975) as a relevant factor in interethnic relations and are discussed in relation to the belief differences theory of prejudice (Rokeach, Smith & Evans, 1960) and the concept of positive prejudice (Dienstbier, 1970; Dutton, 1976).     

“Troops to Teachers”: implications for the coalition government’s approach to education policy and pedagogical beliefs and practice

On taking power the coalition government embarked on what many commentators believe is a radical programme of public policy reform. Under Michael Gove, education policy has become totemic to those arguing that Britain’s classrooms are mired in academic mediocrity and behavioural failure. One policy response by the government has been to propose fast-tracking ex-armed services personnel into schools in England as teachers, especially in inner-city areas. This paper examines the educational and pedagogical merits of this proposal and the underlying beliefs that underpin it. Based on a critical evaluation of the literature, it argues that rather than representing a genuinely radical and innovative attempt to tackle educational underachievement, the Troops to Teachers initiative is deeply reactionary. One, based on discredited pedagogical philosophies which fail to address what the educational community believes a “good” education is, devalues teaching as a profession and ignores the socio-economic factors that primarily determine academic performance.     

我国体育特色小镇竞争力研究 ——基于波特钻石模型分析

在推进体育产业发展、建设健康中国、助力新型城市化建设、促进脱贫攻坚的背景下,体育特色小镇的设计成为社会发展的重要议题。体育特色小镇要想实现长远发展,必须掌握核心竞争力。运用波特钻石模型对我国体育特色小镇竞争力进行分析,从生产要素、市场需求、关联产业、企业竞争和政府行为五个方面剖析以上因素对体育特色小镇竞争力的影响及作用机理。认为,体育特色小镇要充分利用市场机会,积极争取政府扶持,准确进行自身定位,实行差异化产品战略,不断挖掘产品价值,提升质量,控制成本,进一步提升自身的竞争力,实现可持续发展。     

试论“合法知识”的生成及其对我国教育改革的启示——基于阿普尔的教育哲学视角

＂合法知识＂不是凭空生成的,它的诞生是权力运作的结果。权力与意识形态的＂默契共谋＂又为＂合法知识＂地位的巩固提供了庇护。著名教育学家迈克尔·阿普尔正是看到了＂合法知识＂与权力的关系,从而提出＂谁的知识最有价值＂的经典设问,并以此设问为核心展开研究。这类研究对于我国的教育改革具有启示作用。     

The keyword method compared to alternative vocabulary-learning strategies

Imagery and sentence versions of the keyword method of vocabulary learning were contrasted with three nonkeyword verbal-contextual alternatives. Subjects' definition learning in the imagery keyword condition was substantially higher than when subjects were presented the vocabulary in sentence contexts, when they generated sentence contexts for the words, when they made decisions about whether the words were used correctly in sentences, or when they were left to their own devices to learn the words. The learning benefits associated with the sentence keyword version were not as dramatic as in the imagery keyword condition. They were more evident when recall of any part of the definition was considered correct than when recall of the entire definition was necessary. These results indicate that the keyword method is a potent alternative to vocabulary-learning techniques that are regarded as effective by curriculum experts in reading.     

The learning of modern culture

In October, 1976, a survey was conducted among 1,621 sixth grade pupils located in 30 rural and 30 urban randomly selected East Javanese elementary schools. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of pupil background characteristics, the home learning environment, school and classroom organizational characteristics, the physical environment of the classroom and the school, teacher characteristics, the classroom learning environment and rural-urban factors upon the acquisition of modern orientations among Indonesian elementary schoolchildren. The study was also designed to develop reliable and valid measures of the key variables used in the conceptual model. The results indicated that reliable and valid instruments could be generated from survey data; specifically, satisfactory scales were developed for the measurement of the following concepts: the home learning environment, the school physical environment, the classroom physical environment, teacher pedagogy, teacher quality, individual modernity, and fifteen characteristics of the classroom learning environment. Correlational and multiple regression analyses showed that individual modernity, the learning outcome, was influenced by both social and educational learning determinants. The most powerful predictors of modernity in the positive direction were class size, the home learning environment, the personal development and relationship dimensions of the classroom learning environment, and the school physical environment. Pupil age and teacher pedagogy (innovativeness) were negatively associated with the criterion. The results also show that modernizing forces are disproportionately concentrated in the urban area. In the multiple regression, the learning determinants accounted for a large enough portion of the variance in the learning outcome (R² = .262) to be statistically significant from zero at the .001 level. The study shows that the learning of modern culture is a complex phenomenon which is influenced by a wide variety of factors.     

教育技术的领域拓展与前沿热点——对话AECT主席J.Micheal Spector教授

编者按:J.Michael Spector是美国教育和通讯技术协会(AECT)的现任主席,佐治亚大学学习和绩效支持实验室(Learning & Performance Support Laboratory)教授.Spector有着丰富的任教和研究经历,他曾工作过的佛罗里达州立大学和纽约锡拉丘兹大学均为美国教育技术学的重镇.而他在挪威卑尔根大学负责教育信息科学与技术项目的近四年经历让他对欧美两大洲的有关领域都有深入的了解,他在美国阿姆斯特朗空军研究实验室教学系统研究任资深科学家的经历让他对教学设计在教育领域以外的应用有着深刻的理解.Spector最近的研究兴趣是关于复杂领域学习评估、智能绩效支持教学设计、系统动力学为基础的学习环境及技术集成.他几十年来一直活跃在第一线,刚于2008年主编完成<教育传播与技术研究手册>(第三版),而且将继续以开放的态度编辑第四版.     

Coping with the threat of westernization in Hong Kong

Most developing countries show great concern that they will compromise their cultural integrity if they import foreign models of economic development. The Chinese in Hong Kong have been dealing with this problem since they were colonized in 1841. This paper explores their various responses to this potential threat. Tajfel's (Tajfel, H. (1974). Social Science Information13, 65–93) social identity theory is advanced as a theoretical tool in considering (a) how Chinese understand Westernization throughout history and in contemporary Hong Kong, and (b) how they stereotype themselves and various relevant groups. It is hoped that this analysis will be of some value to persons in countries considering the problem of importing models of development.     

Art Education and the Moral Injunction to be Oneself

A primary function of schooling is to impart moral discipline, and art education distills this role to its core imperative of mandated pleasure, summarised by Jacques Lacan as the ‘will to enjoy’. This manifests in the insistence that, despite producing similar outcomes, students come to recognise themselves as unique and creative. In the twentieth century, art education in the USA has developed methods for extracting supposedly intimate personal expressions from young people, albeit without demanding the technical versatility, historical knowledge and critical reflection required of mature artists – the exception to this, despite its many flaws, being so‐called Discipline‐Based Art Education, or DBAE. In this article, I begin with reflections on the untapped potential of DBAE to relate to contemporary art practices. My ideas on moral instruction are expanded upon in the second section, when I undertake a ‘backwards’ history of British and American art education, in which the ideal of art class as a site of intrinsic and authentic meaning‐making is challenged by the functional requirements of education. My last section takes up a critique of critical pedagogy, in which I use the example of a project my high school students did about Michael Jackson to challenge ways in which trauma and pleasure are seen by critical pedagogues as features of experience that conflict fatally with the educational ends of individualist autonomy.