试论高校体育人文环境的重要性与优化途径

基于高校体育人文环境在提升大学生身心全面发展中的重要作用,文章运用文献资料法和逻辑分析法,阐释了体育人文环境的意涵,分析了优化高校体育人文环境的重要性,探讨了高校体育人文环境的优化途径.     

Premature closure and guided reinvention: a case study in a web‐based learning environment

Just as linguistic errors have provided insights into the nature of linguistic competence(s), detailed analyses of blind spots or marked trajectories in the reflection cycles of novice teachers may provide a window on their underlying beliefs, and thus on relevant zones of proximal development. In this paper we analyse a case study in an experimental web‐based learning environment in which a novice teacher demonstrably just reproduces the assumptions she started out with rather than re‐inspecting them. Having located a problem of motivation uniquely inside the learners’ heads, she pointedly ignores hints in the feedback that her own verbal and nonverbal behaviour in the classroom might be a relevant domain of enquiry. Our findings show the need for structural interventions within a priori hypothesized, linearly ordered, stages in reflection models. We report on two small‐scale experiments that implement suggested changes in the architecture of the web site which yield more context‐sensitive ways of scaffolding reflection. In conclusion we argue that detailed discursive accounts of successful and less successful reflection trajectories are needed to refine and further develop models in teacher thinking.     

Evaluation of change blindness in multimedia learning environment with cognitive process

ABSTRACT

This study aims to investigate the change blindness and cognitive processes with eye-tracking method in multimedia learning environment. For this purpose, a multimedia animation which had some changes was designed. The eye movements were examined during the process of detecting the changes in multimedia via eye-tracking technics. The research model was defined as controlled experiment and survey methods. Twenty-one ungraduated students participated in the experiment. Attention and perception levels of participants were determined by d2 Attention Test and Group Embedded Figures Test. Change detection numbers of participants were analyzed according to their attention level and field dependence. The appearance of a major object on the scene was the most detected change and the change on the detail object was detected less. According to findings about the attention level and change detection, the participants at high attention level were more successful at detecting change in multimedia. It was observed that field-independent individuals could detect the change much more compared to the field-dependent individuals.     

Education 3.0: breaking the mold with technology

In order to meet the needs of today's knowledge economy, education needs to move beyond the industrial age approach of treating all learners as if they are the same and adopt a learner-centered model of education suitable for the information age. To support this model, a new and transformative technology is needed that focuses on mastery and customized learning. This article reviews the existing approaches to educational technology before proposing a new, customizable, open, and interoperable technology: a personalized integrated educational system (PIES) that provides full functionality for students, teachers, parents and other stakeholders and bridges the gaps between formal and informal learning. PIES' four primary functions: record keeping, planning, instruction, and assessment, as well as secondary functions, are defined and described. Future challenges and research opportunities are also identified.     

A dynamic analysis of why learners develop a preference for autonomous learners in computer-mediated communication

A large number of studies in CMC have assessed how social interaction, processes and learning outcomes are intertwined. The present research explores how the degree of self-determination of learners, that is the motivational orientation of a learner, influences the communication and interaction patterns in an online Problem Based Learning environment. Given the complexity of CMC, we expected that autonomous learners would be more willing to contribute to cognitive discourse. In time, we expected that control-oriented learners would develop a preferential attachment to contribute to discourse from autonomous learners. Data were gathered from 37 autonomous and 39 control-oriented learners who posted 1669 messages. Using a dynamic multi-method approach of content analysis of cognitive and social discourse, social network analysis, and measures of academic motivation, we find some preliminary evidence that motivational orientation influences communication and social interaction patterns amongst learners. From the beginning, most control-oriented learners develop a preference to connect to and communicate with autonomous learners, although a separate team-analysis indicates that group dynamics also influence how learners develop connections with other learners in time. Our findings further the understanding of differences found in distance learning courses about participation and drop-out.     

优化大学生创业环境的理性思考

创业活动与创业环境呈正相关,从大学生创业的教育环境、文化环境、政策环境、融资环境四个向度分析评价,提出构建大学生创业环境策略。以期营造有针对性的创新创业环境体系,促进大学生创业。     

Experience and Interaction in Teaching Escalation

This paper explores the use and integration of experiential learning into the problem-based learning (PBL) approach enhanced by interactive multimedia in the teaching of project management. A specific emphasis is placed on failing situations and the way in which this should be taught to students. Experiential learning places the emphasis on active participation, interactive and applied learning in a real situation. PBL places the emphasis on a real-world problem that is presented as the starting-point for the learning experience. The combined effect these concepts have on the learning experience is outlined in a framework called PIE. The conclusions drawn in the paper are the following: the combination of PBL, interactive multimedia and experiential learning will support and enhance teaching about escalation situations.     

Cognitive attainment in online learning environments: matching cognitive and technological presence

To know whether students' achievements are the result of online interaction and not just a consequence of individual differences themselves, it seems essential to link the cognitive results to the students' online behavior (technological presence). In technological presence, interaction is based on the degree in which the online student senses the availability of, and connectedness with, other students, the teacher, and the context. Cognitive presence as a part of the interaction process of teaching and learning reflects the level of accomplishment in online learning environments (cognitive attainment). The purpose of this article is to show some evidence of the mutual influence of the students' technological behaviors and the students' cognitive factors in online learning environments – including teacher and instructional design factors. Two thousand one-hundred thirty written computer-mediated communications from 88 participants in four prototypical online learning activities have been analyzed for this purpose. The analysis shows the influence of technological presence on the quality of learning results of the online knowledge construction process. The conclusions point out the importance of considering technological presence as a new and complementary type of presence as it provides relevant information for instructional and technological design.     

Pedagogy in the multimodal classroom: an analysis of the challenges and opportunities for teachers

Contemporary commentary notes that students are frequently ahead of their teachers in their ability to manipulate and be creative with the internet, digital programs, and mobile technology. In this context it is important to ask, ‘What knowledge do teachers need to teach in the contemporary context where texts are elaborately multimodal, constructed not just of print but of image, sound, and movement?’ This paper proposes some signposts to assist teachers with navigating in this environment. Using teachers’ and researchers’ reflections on practices in a diverse range of settings, both primary and secondary, the analysis explicates the challenges that teachers face in this multimodal context and elucidates some ways they can effectively operate within it. In particular, it argues that it is teachers’ expertise as analysts and critics of texts that needs to guide their planning and teaching in this ‘new’ text world.     

影响消费者参与在线交易评价因素的实证研究

消费者通过参与评价产品或服务来分享在线交易的体验,同时,消费者也通过网络交易评论了解产品或服务的信息。在线交易评价是消费者购买决策和商家做出营销决策的重要影响因素,实证研究表明,外向型的消费者、具有利他动机、网络社区的资讯性是影响顾客参与在线交易评价的主要因素。