Collaborative information seeking: A field study of a multidisciplinary patient care team

Multidisciplinary teams are an essential aspect of modern organizational work. These teams often work in information-rich environments but little is known about their collaborative information seeking (CIS) behavior. We have been studying the CIS behavior of teams in the context of medical care. We conducted an ethnographic field study of a multidisciplinary patient care team in an emergency department to identify (a) team information needs and (b) situations that trigger collaborative information seeking activities. We identified seven categories of information needs as expressed by questions asked by team members. The majority of questions focused on medical information, but there were a larger than expected percentage of questions focusing on organizational information. We also identified three triggers for CIS activities. These triggers are: (1) lack of expertise, (2) lack of immediately accessible information, and (3) complex information needs. The questions and triggers highlight the importance of face-to-face communication during CIS activities and how CIS activities could lead to interruptive workplaces. We also discuss organizational and technical implications for supporting CIS behavior of teams.     

Do Article Influence scores overestimate the citation impact of social science journals in subfields that are related to higher-impact natural science disciplines?

Unlike Impact Factors (IF), Article Influence (AI) scores assign greater weight to citations that appear in highly cited journals. The natural sciences tend to have higher citation rates than the social sciences. We might therefore expect that relative to IF, AI overestimates the citation impact of social science journals in subfields that are related to (and presumably cited in) higher-impact natural science disciplines. This study evaluates that assertion through a set of simple and multiple regressions covering seven social science disciplines: anthropology, communication, economics, education, library and information science, psychology, and sociology. Contrary to expectations, AI underestimates 5IF (five-year Impact Factor) for journals in science-related subfields such as scientific communication, science education, scientometrics, biopsychology, and medical sociology. Journals in these subfields have low AI scores relative to their 5IF values. Moreover, the effect of science-related status is considerable—typically 0.60 5IF units or 0.50 SD. This effect is independent of the more general finding that AI scores underestimate 5IF for higher-impact journals. It is also independent of the very modest curvilinearity in the relationship between AI and 5IF.     

2013年中国科技论文统计与分析简报

[目的]了解中国科技人员在国内外发表论文情况,为各级管理部门提供决策依据.[方法]采用国际权威检索数据库《科学引文索引》(SCI)、《工程索引》(Ei)、《会议录引文索引》(CPCI-S,原ISTP)、Scopus数据库、《医学索引》(MEDLINE)和《社会科学引文索引》(SSCI)以及中国科学技术信息研究所1987年建立的《中国科技论文与引文数据库》(CSTPCD)数据,对中国科技论文数量、学科和地区分布、基金项目论文、国际合著论文、表现不俗论文和社会科学论文情况进行统计分析.[结果]据SCI数据,2013年中国作者共计发表23.2万篇论文,排在世界第2位,仅次于美国.中国国际论文被引用次数排名世界第4位,位次又提升1位.中国平均每篇论文被引用7.57次,排在第100名左右,低于世界平均值11.05次/篇.[结论]中国科技论文数近几年来迅速增长,但论文的影响力(平均每篇论文被引用次数)与世界平均值相比还有较大差距.     

高等学校专业课思政教育模式的探索——以“电机与拖动课程”为例

文章主要就高校专业课思政教育模式的创新进行了较为深入的研究与讨论,提出了"课堂专业精讲+思政概念植入+慕课辅助巩固+多情景下的学生讨论+经典材料作业融合+实践"的教学模式,并辅助"竞技型输出分数检测加权+学生思政自、互评打分加权+学生课上、课后创新作业分数加权"的考核体系,通过润物细无声、滴水穿石的方式,充分挖掘课程的育人功能,不断优化课程建设,培养学生辩证唯物主义的思维方法,做到专业教育和核心价值观教育相融共进,引导学生做社会主义核心价值观的坚定信仰者、积极传播者、模范践行者。     

Librarians,Faculty, and the Writing Center Partnering to Build an Interdisciplinary Course: A Case Study at the University of Houston,USA

This article covers how an interdisciplinary course was developed using the expertise and resources of a history professor, the history and psychology subject librarians, and the university's writing center. The course, supported by a grant, was aimed at helping students improve their research, information literacy, and writing skills across disciplines. The article discusses the involvement of the partners from the initial planning stages to its conclusion, focusing especially on how the librarians created a library session, course-specific guide, annotated bibliography assignment and grading rubric, and how these were used as opportunities to interact with the students throughout the course. Also covered are research and writing challenges, especially for English-language learner students, and how they were addressed by all the partners. It also discusses how the librarians used this experience to seek out opportunities to create similar collaborations with other instructors, and to strengthen ties with support services on campus.     

An approach for shape optimization of stratosphere airships based on multidisciplinary design optimization

Airship shape is crucial to the design of stratosphere airships. In this paper, multidisciplinary design optimization （MDO） technology is introduced into the design of airship shape. We devise a composite objective function, based on this technology, which takes account of various factors which influence airship performance, including aerodynamics, structures, energy and weight to determine the optimal airship shape. A shape generation algorithm is proposed and appropriate mathematical models are constructed. Simulation results show that the optimized shape gives an improvement in the value of the composite objective function compared with a reference shape.     

2014年中国科技论文统计与分析简报

【目的】了解中国科技人员在国内外发表论文情况,为各级管理部门提供决策依据。【方法】采用国际权威检索数据库《科学引文索引》(SCI) 、《工程索引》(Ei)、《会议录引文索引》(CPCI-S,原ISTP)、Scopus数据库、《医学索引》（MEDLINE）和《社会科学引文索引》（SSCI）以及中国科学技术信息研究所1987年开始建立的《中国科技论文与引文数据库》（CSTPCD）数据,对中国科技论文数量、学科和地区分布、基金项目论文、国际合著论文、表现不俗论文和社会科学论文情况进行统计分析。【结果】据SCI数据,2014年中国作者共计发表26.35万篇论文,连续第6年排在世界第2位,仅次于美国;2005年至2015年（截至2015年9月）,中国论文共被引用1287.60万次,与2014年统计时比较,数量增加了24.2%,连续两年排在世界第4位; 中国平均每篇论文被引用8.14次,比上年度统计时提高了7.5%,但仍低于世界平均值11.29次/篇。【结论】中国科技论文数近几年来迅速增长,论文的影响力提升速度也相对较快,就论文的篇均被引数看,与世界平均值相比还有较大差距。     

浅论多学科训练模式

多学科训练方法的理念是指应用与运动训练相关领域学科的专业知识来帮助运动员达到运动训练的目标。传统模式在运动训练实践中,对教练员发挥自身的作用存在局限性。本文通过对目前“过滤”模式和“基础支持”模式的分析,介绍了称之为“轨道”的全新模式。此模式就像行星(指运动员)围绕太阳(指运动训练目标)旋转,同时卫星(指各学科的专家)按照一定的轨道(指教练员)围绕行星旋转。此模式曾在巴西空军科学院和奥运优秀运动员训练中心应用十余年,取得了丰硕的成果。结论:虽然此模式还需进一步的研究,但此模式对高水平运动员取得显著的进步,可以起到实质性的作用。     

Human capital heterogeneity, collaborative relationships, and publication patterns in a multidisciplinary scientific alliance: a comparative case study of two scientific teams

In this paper, we compare the publication outcomes of two teams within a multi-university scientific alliance. Scientists in one team share similar scholarly backgrounds and work in a well established paradigm, while scientists in the second team have different backgrounds and work in an emergent discipline. While the alliance has increased the productivity of both teams, this increase was highest for the more heterogeneous team. In addition, while the variety of knowledge concepts employed in their research was initially higher for the heterogeneous team, this gap narrowed over time. We discuss the implications of our research for alliance design.     

Visualizing knowledge in new educational environments: a course on learning objects

This article describes the learning objectives, the course activities, experiences and outcomes of a graduate level course on learning object design. The course was developed and taught at The Ohio State University by the author during the Spring Quarter of 2003. Students from the visual design and education disciplines partnered to work on a client‐initiated, authentic, grant‐funded project. The students, working in teams and serving as expert consultants to each other, were tasked with designing prototypes for learning objects to be used by freshman high school students, particularly those with disabilities. The course provided an opportunity to observe how developers actually built learning objects and to apply that knowledge to better understanding the issues facing faculty when challenged with the same tasks.