基于社会网络分析的国内系统动力学研究分析

本文以CNKI为数据源,从文献计量的角度,对2000—2014年国内系统动力学领域发表的文献进行统计分析。利用社会网络分析方法生成研究成果年限分布图、关键词共现矩阵、关键词共现图谱和作者合作度图谱,剖析了国内系统动力学领域的研究前沿与研究热点。     

Disambiguation and co-authorship networks of the U.S. patent inventor database (1975–2010)

Research into invention, innovation policy, and technology strategy can greatly benefit from an accurate understanding of inventor careers. The United States Patent and Trademark Office does not provide unique inventor identifiers, however, making large-scale studies challenging. Many scholars of innovation have implemented ad-hoc disambiguation methods based on string similarity thresholds and string comparison matching; such methods have been shown to be vulnerable to a number of problems that can adversely affect research results. The authors address this issue contributing (1) an application of the Author-ity disambiguation approach (0170 and 0175) to the US utility patent database, (2) a new iterative blocking scheme that expands the match space of this algorithm while maintaining scalability, (3) a public posting of the algorithm and code, and (4) a public posting of the results of the algorithm in the form of a database of inventors and their associated patents. The paper provides an overview of the disambiguation method, assesses its accuracy, and calculates network measures based on co-authorship and collaboration variables. It illustrates the potential for large-scale innovation studies across time and space with visualizations of inventor mobility across the United States. The complete input and results data from the original disambiguation are available at (http://dvn.iq.harvard.edu/dvn/dv/patent); revised data described here are at (http://funglab.berkeley.edu/pub/disamb_no_postpolishing.csv); original and revised code is available at (https://github.com/funginstitute/disambiguator); visualizations of inventor mobility are at (http://funglab.berkeley.edu/mobility/).     

高校关工委在贫困生工作中的作用探析——以扬州职业大学为例

随着高等教育的普及,高校贫困生比例逐年上升,贫困生问题已经成为政府重视、社会关注、学校关心的社会问题,初步形成了＂奖、助、贷、减、免＂的资助体系,有效缓解了贫困生入学难的困境,但目前贫困生工作存在着物质帮扶多、精神帮扶少;生活帮扶多、学业就业帮扶少;帮扶工作力量单一等问题。本文以高校关工委为视角,探讨其在贫困生帮扶工作中的作用,充分发挥高校关工委的主体优势、精神优势、时间优势和资源优势,提出高校关工委对贫困生帮扶的对策和措施。     

STEM Is Elementary: Challenges Faced by Elementary Teachers in the Era of the Next Generation Science Standards

For students to achieve the goals of the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) by Grade 12, thinking and acting like scientists and engineers must begin in the elementary grades. However, elementary teachers may find this challenging -because language arts and mathematics still dominate many classrooms—often at the expense of science. This essay examines the science skills elementary students are expected to learn and how teachers and administrators can approach the increased demands of NGSS.     

University–industry interactions in applied research: The case of microelectronics

In the first part of the paper we discuss the pattern of research in microelectronics, illustrating the reasons why, in order to achieve distinguished scientific performance, universities need to collaborate with industry, and in particular academic researchers need to interact with industrial ones by face-to-face knowledge exchanges. In the second part, using patent data integrated with information collected through interviews, we measure the extent and intensity of the ties of academic with industrial researchers, and apply social network analysis to reconstruct the network of collaborations. The picture that emerges (from this Italian case) is fully consistent with the specific research pattern. Collaboration is based on teams of researchers from the two spheres, and strong connections are associated with high scientific performance. Moreover, border-crossing collaborations tend to be driven by cognitive proximity and personal relationships.     

新媒介生态下的香港报业转型研究

在互联网引发的新媒介生态下,香港报业呈现出两种转型模式:一是以星岛新闻集团为代表的免费内容与规模效益模式:免费报通过对收费报新闻的再加工,降低采编成本,实现规模效益。二是以壹传媒有限公司为代表的产品深加工与免费增值模式:大部分新闻产品实行免费以增加人气,少部分深加工的新媒体内容微收费,以实现盈利。香港报业转型中遭遇的最根本的困境在于,高成本生产的新媒体产品难以盈利。免费成为新媒介生态下唯一的内容生存之道。     

Biochemistry of Nitric Oxide

Nitric oxide (NO) a free radical having both cytoprotective as well as tumor promoting agent is formed from l-arginine by converting it to l-citrulline via nitric oxide synthase enzymes. The reaction product of nitric oxide with superoxide generates potent oxidizing agent, peroxynitrite which is the main mediator of tissue and cellular injury. Peroxynitrite is reactive towards many biomolecules which includes amino acids, nucleic acid bases; metal containing compounds, etc. NO metabolites may play a key role in mediating many of the genotoxic/carcinogenic effects as DNA damage, protein or lipid modification, etc. The basic reactions of nitric oxide can be divided as direct effect of the radical where it alone plays a role in either damaging or protecting the cell milieu and an indirect effect in which the byproducts of nitric oxide formed by convergence of two independent radical generating pathways play the role in biological reactions which mainly involve oxidative and nitrosative stress. Nitric oxide is also capable of directly interacting with mitochondria through inhibition of respiration or by permeability transition. Reaction of nitric oxide with metal ions include its direct interaction with the metals or with oxo complexes thereby reducing them to lower valent state. Excessive production of nitric oxide can be studied by inhibiting the synthetic pathway of nitric oxide using both selective or specific nitric oxide synthase inhibitor or non-selective nitric oxide synthase inhibitor with respect to isoforms of nitric oxide.     

An analysis of friendship networks, social connectedness, homesickness, and satisfaction levels of international students

International students continue to grow in number worldwide, prompting researchers to look for ways to make the study abroad experience more fruitful. One avenue of research has focused on friendship formation, the significant role it plays in the study abroad experience, and the unique friendship combinations made possible by the study abroad experience. International students form friendships with individuals from their own country, from other countries, and from the host country. Research has found that international students often have more friends from their home country; however, research has also demonstrated a relationship between having more host country friends and satisfaction, contentment, decreased homesickness, and social connectedness. The current study looks to further explore these relationships through a social network lens by examining friendship network ratios, strength, and variability of the three friendship groups. A friendship network grid was developed to assess where international students’ friends are from and how strong those friendships are. Eighty four international students completed a survey examining the relationship between friendship networks, social connectedness, homesickness, contentment, and satisfaction. Contrary to prior research, international students did not report having a higher ratio of individuals from their home country in their friendship networks. However, international students with a higher ratio of individuals from the host country in their network claimed to be more satisfied, content, and less homesick. Furthermore, participants who reported more friendship variability with host country individuals described themselves as more satisfied, content, and more socially connected. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.     

存储区域网模式前沿技术研究

随着服务器CPU的速度不断翻番，ATM和千兆以太网的普遍使用，以及硬盘系统容量的不断扩大，I／O速度日益成为制约整个网络系统效率的瓶颈，针对I／O的瓶颈问题，提出了有效的解决方法，将数据从通用的应用服务器中分离出来以简化存储管理，采用SAN和LANFREE相结合方案。     

新生代农民工的心理契约问题研究

基于文献分析和对江西省130名新生代农民工的调查,运用SPSS15.0统计分析工具分析他们的心理契约,发现新生代农民工心理契约与上一代农民工相比的特殊之处,并进一步分析产生的原因以及提出解决的对策。