水——无机化合物相图

无机化合物的水溶液是实验室和工业上必不可少的系统。理解水溶液的相行为对于了解试剂的性能至关重要。本文介绍了我们周围一些重要无机化合物水溶液的相图,分析了有蒸气相共存时的相平衡,着重探索了相图的实际应用。旨在激发学生运用相图解决实际问题的兴趣。     

Change in strategy: The relationship of attribution,expectancy, performance,and satisfaction

The purpose of the study was to examine the degree to which change in examination preparation is related to measures of attribution, expectancy, prior performance, perceived success/failure, and satisfaction. Subjects were students in an intermediate graduate statistics course. Although performance is the single best predictor of change in preparation, three attribution measures and satisfaction contributed unique predictive variance. While expectancy was significantly related to change in preparation, it did not add uniquely to the multiple correlation.     

Exploring atmospheric free-radical chemistry in China: the self-cleansing capacity and the formation of secondary air pollution

Since 1971, it has been known that the atmospheric free radicals play a pivotal role in maintaining the oxidizing power of the troposphere. The existence of the oxidizing power is an important feature of the troposphere to remove primary air pollutants emitted from human beings as well as those from the biosphere. Nevertheless, serious secondary air-pollution incidents can take place due to fast oxidation of the primary pollutants. Elucidating the atmospheric free-radical chemistry is a demanding task in the field of atmospheric chemistry worldwide, which includes two kinds of work: first, the setup of reliable radical detection systems; second, integrated field studies that enable closure studies on the sources and sinks of targeted radicals such as OH and NO₃. In this review, we try to review the Chinese efforts to explore the atmospheric free-radical chemistry in such chemical complex environments and the possible link of this fast gas-phase oxidation with the fast formation of secondary air pollution in the city-cluster areas in China.     

Naphthalene decomposition in a DC corona radical shower discharge

The naphthalene decomposition in a corona radical shower discharge (CRS) was investigated, with attention paid to the influences of voltage and initial naphthalene density. The OH emission spectra were investigated so as to know the naphthalene decomposing process. The by-products were analyzed and a decomposing theory in discharge was proposed. The results showed that higher voltage and relative humidity were effective on decomposition. The initial concentration affected the decomposing efficiency of naphthalene. When the initial naphthalene density was 17 mg/m³, the decomposition rate was found to be 70% under 14 kV. The main by-products were carbon dioxide and water. However, a small amount of carbonic oxide, 1,2-ethanediol and acetaldehyde were found due to the incomplete oxidization.     

Assessment of vitamin D concentration in non-supplemented professional athletes and healthy adults during the winter months in the UK: implications for skeletal muscle function

Abstract

The current study implemented a two-part design to (1) assess the vitamin D concentration of a large cohort of non-vitamin D supplemented UK-based athletes and 30 age-matched healthy non-athletes and (2) to examine the effects of 5000 IU · day^?1 vitamin D₃ supplementation for 8-weeks on musculoskeletal performance in a placebo controlled trial. Vitamin D concentration was determined as severely deficient if serum 25(OH)D < 12.5 nmol · l^?1, deficient 12.5–30 nmol · l^?1 and inadequate 30–50 nmol · l^?1. We demonstrate that 62% of the athletes (38/61) and 73% of the controls (22/30) exhibited serum total 25(OH)D < 50 nmol · l^?1. Additionally, vitamin D supplementation increased serum total 25(OH)D from baseline (mean ± SD = 29 ± 25 to 103 ± 25 nmol · l^?1, P = 0.0028), whereas the placebo showed no significant change (53 ± 29 to 74 ± 24 nmol · l^?1, P = 0.12). There was a significant increase in 10 m sprint times (P = 0.008) and vertical-jump (P = 0.008) in the vitamin D group whereas the placebo showed no change (P = 0.587 and P = 0.204 respectively). The current data supports previous findings that athletes living at Northerly latitudes (UK = 53° N) exhibit inadequate vitamin D concentrations (<50 nmol · l^?1). Additionally the data suggests that inadequate vitamin D concentration is detrimental to musculoskeletal performance in athletes. Future studies using larger athletic groups are now warranted.     

Study on the Stabilizing Conditions of W／O Microemulsion

The stabilizing conditions of W/O microemulsion of Tx-6-C4H9OH/c-C6h12/H2O system were studied by visual observation.The result shows that when the weight ratio of Tx-6 to C4H9OH is 4:1 ,the W/O microemulsion system has stabilizing and extensive regions,and the system is insensitive to the values of pH and in the range of room temperature.In accordance with the theoretical value of HLB,the suitable value of HLB for Tx-6 and C4H9OH to compose microemulsion is greater than 9,less than or equal to 10 value of HLB.the suitable value of HLB for Tx-6 and C4H9OH to compose microemulsion is greater than 9,less than or equal to 10.     

Ca（OH）2对腐植酸粉末热解气化的影响研究

采用热重分析仪对褐煤腐植酸的催化气化进行了热解实验研究。通过对不同含量催化剂的腐植酸热解TG/DTG曲线对比分析,对腐植酸的催化热解过程进行了详细探讨。分析了其热解DTA曲线、残留物的SEM显微结构。实验表明,Ca(OH)2对腐植酸热裂解特性有明显的催化效果,加Ca(OH)2的腐植酸热解TG/DTG曲线在780℃附近出现了明显的失重峰。探讨了催化剂的催化机理,认为主要是由于CaO粒子的活化位的极性对环状结构π形电子云的影响。     

用LIFBASE分析高压脉冲放电过程OH自由基的转动温度

为探讨低温放电等离子体特性,研究高压脉冲放电过程中的气体温度,采用喷嘴-筒式放电极结构分析OH自由基在高压负脉冲放电过程中的发射光谱,并利用LIFBASE估算OH自由基的转动温度.通过模拟,得到放电脉冲频率和喷嘴直径的变化对OH自由基的转动温度的影响:OH自由基的转动温度随高压脉冲频率的升高或放电喷嘴直径的增大而降低;当脉冲峰值电压为-32 k V,放电喷嘴外直径为3 mm时,改变脉冲频率,OH自由基转动温度变化范围为200~500 K;当脉冲峰值电压为-30 k V,脉冲频率为50 Hz时,改变喷嘴直径,OH自由基转动温度变化范围为400~600 K.